nutrition 1 Flashcards
3 types of lipids
Glycerides
sterols
phospholipids
Adequate amount of calcium prevents
osteoporosis
Calcium function
bone and teeth formation, blood clotting nerve conduction muscle contraction cellular metabolism heart action
Can an incomplete protein become complete?
yes by combining 2 incomplete proteins
EX. peanut butter on whole grain bread makes a complete protein
Do carbohydrates fuel short or long term skeletal muscle activity and provide almost all the energy for the brain ?
short term
Effects of vitamin A deficiency
night blindness, skin lesions, keratomalacia, xerophthakmus
Effects of vitamin D deficiency
bone and muscle pain, weakness, softening of bone (fractures)
Effects of vitamin E deficiency
hyporeflexia, ataxis, hemolytic anemia, myopathy
Effects of vitamin K deficiency
increased bleeding
Folacin function
cellular metabolsim neurotransmitter synthesis cell division DNA synthesis hemoglobin formation
From complete and incomplete proteins which contain all the essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis
Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids while incomplete does not
From the three listed which is more easily and quickly digested?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
A. Carbohydrates
function of solvent (water)
basic solvent for the bodys chemical processes
function of water transport
water is a medium for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste
greater the 2500 mg of sodium increases risk for what
hypertension , heart attack and stroke
iron deficiency causes
anemia
iron function
synthesis of hemoglobin
general metabolism production
drug detoxification in the liver
Lipid functions
supply essential nutrients
energy source
flavor and satiety
body fat
Macronutrients inclue A. Carbohydrates B. water C. Vitamins D. Proteins E. Lipids
A. Carbohydrates
D. Proteins
E. Lipids
magensium deficiency increase what
risk for hypertension and coronary artery disease in women
magnesium function
aids thyroid hormone secretion
maintains normal basal metabolic rate
activates enzyme
cardiac function
micronutrients include A. Minerals B. water C. Vitamins D. Proteins E. Lipids
A. Minerals
C. Vitamins
Most important sterol in the body is
cholesterol
Pantothenic acid function
cell metabolism of fat and cholesterol
amnio acid activation
heme formation
potassium function
intracellular fluid control acid-base balance nerve transmission muscle contraction protein synthesis BP regulation
Sodium function
water balance acid-base balance muscle action nerve transmission convulsions
Source of carbohydrates - complex sugars
Vegetables, breads, cereals, pasta, grains
Sources of Carbohydrates - simple sugars
corn syrup, honey, milk, table sugar, fruits
Sources of complete proteins
mostly from animal sources - fish meat poultry
Sources of fats are
fish
nuts
vegetable oil
sources of incomplete proteins
supplied by plant sources - grains, nuts, seeds
The percent of “ trans fat” should be below what percent of total calories
less the 1% of total calories
The percent of “saturated fats” should be below what percent of total calories
less then 10% of total calories
The total precent of “Total fat” intake should be below what percent
20 - 30 % of total calories
True or false
Micronutrients are supplied within the body
False micronutrients are not produced in the body and must be derived from the diet
True or False
The USDA Guidelines specify daily amounts of food and nutrients
False they do not specify
Vitamin C function
collagen synthesis Cementing substances for capillary walls antioxidant iron absorption immune function
what are disaccharide
sugars made up of two saccharide or units of sugar
what are monosaccharides ?
simple sugar with a single unit of sugars
what are the functions of protein?
Tissue building and repair/maintenance of cells facilitate cellular reactions precursors to digestive enzymes and hormones combine with iron to make hemoglobin Immune system function fluid balance acid-base balance secondary energy source
what does a myplate include?
Fruits vegetables grains proteins dairy
what does a nutritional fact label include? Select all that apply A. serving size B. number of servings per package C. total calories D. calories from fat per serving E. amounts of key nutrients F. percent of daily values
A. serving size B. number of servings per package C. total calories D. calories from fat per serving E. amounts of key nutrients F. percent of daily values
What is a simple carbohydrate
it is a sugar
names according to the number of sugar units making up their chemical structure
What is daily percent values?
the percentage that a serving a food contributes to a consumers daily intake of the nutrient listed
usually based on a 2,000 total calories
What is Ketones
alternative fuel converted from lipids
raises the acidity of the blood and can lead to acid-base. imbalance
What is myplate
five color food guide that visually illustrates a healthy meal
What is the function of a carbohydrate ?
Primary energy source for the body - for muscle and organ function
What is the function of a macronutrient?
supply the body with energy
What is the function of micronutrient
help manufacture repair and maintain cells
What is the scientific evidence given by the USDA Guidelines?
Provide information about nutritious diet, maintaining weight, adequate exercise and food safety
what level of cholesterol should be in your total calories
300mg
When is the USDA Guidelines updated? A. Every year B. Every 6 months C. Every 5 years D. Every 10 years
C. Every 5 years
Where is glucose stored?
in the liver and skeletal muscle tissue as glycogen which is converted back into glucose to meet energy needs
Which amino acid can be synthesized in the body and which can not ?
(Essential and nonessential )
Essential - cannot be manufactured in the body while nonessential can
Who are the intended primary source of health information from the USDA Guidelines. Select all that apply A. Patients in a hospital setting B. Educators C. Policy makers D. Obese individuals E. Healthcare providers F. The malnutrition
B. Educators
C. Policy makers
E. Healthcare Providers
Why was the USDA Guidelines developed.
to help people improve their nutritional habits
Zinc function
cofactor for many enzymes involved in growth
insulin storage immunity
alcohol metabolism
sexual and developmental and reproductive
