nutrition 1 Flashcards by Hannah Mcnece

3 types of lipids

Glycerides
sterols
phospholipids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adequate amount of calcium prevents

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcium function

bone and teeth formation, 
blood clotting 
nerve conduction 
muscle contraction 
cellular metabolism 
heart action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can an incomplete protein become complete?

yes by combining 2 incomplete proteins

EX. peanut butter on whole grain bread makes a complete protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do carbohydrates fuel short or long term skeletal muscle activity and provide almost all the energy for the brain ?

short term

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effects of vitamin A deficiency

night blindness, skin lesions, keratomalacia, xerophthakmus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effects of vitamin D deficiency

bone and muscle pain, weakness, softening of bone (fractures)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effects of vitamin E deficiency

hyporeflexia, ataxis, hemolytic anemia, myopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effects of vitamin K deficiency

increased bleeding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Folacin function

cellular metabolsim 
neurotransmitter synthesis 
cell division 
DNA synthesis 
hemoglobin formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

From complete and incomplete proteins which contain all the essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis

Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids while incomplete does not

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

From the three listed which is more easily and quickly digested?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids

A. Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

function of solvent (water)

basic solvent for the bodys chemical processes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

function of water transport

water is a medium for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

greater the 2500 mg of sodium increases risk for what

hypertension , heart attack and stroke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

iron deficiency causes

anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

iron function

synthesis of hemoglobin
general metabolism production
drug detoxification in the liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lipid functions

supply essential nutrients
energy source
flavor and satiety
body fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macronutrients inclue 
A. Carbohydrates 
B. water
C. Vitamins 
D. Proteins 
E. Lipids

A. Carbohydrates
D. Proteins
E. Lipids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

magensium deficiency increase what

risk for hypertension and coronary artery disease in women

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

magnesium function

aids thyroid hormone secretion
maintains normal basal metabolic rate
activates enzyme
cardiac function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

micronutrients include 
A. Minerals 
B. water
C. Vitamins 
D. Proteins 
E. Lipids

A. Minerals

C. Vitamins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most important sterol in the body is

cholesterol

Pantothenic acid function

cell metabolism of fat and cholesterol
amnio acid activation
heme formation

potassium function

``` intracellular fluid control acid-base balance nerve transmission muscle contraction protein synthesis BP regulation ```

Sodium function

``` water balance acid-base balance muscle action nerve transmission convulsions ```

Source of carbohydrates - complex sugars

Vegetables, breads, cereals, pasta, grains

Sources of Carbohydrates - simple sugars

corn syrup, honey, milk, table sugar, fruits

Sources of complete proteins

mostly from animal sources - fish meat poultry

Sources of fats are

fish nuts vegetable oil

sources of incomplete proteins

supplied by plant sources - grains, nuts, seeds

The percent of " trans fat" should be below what percent of total calories

less the 1% of total calories

The percent of "saturated fats" should be below what percent of total calories

less then 10% of total calories

The total precent of "Total fat" intake should be below what percent

20 - 30 % of total calories

True or false | Micronutrients are supplied within the body

False micronutrients are not produced in the body and must be derived from the diet

True or False | The USDA Guidelines specify daily amounts of food and nutrients

False they do not specify

Vitamin C function

``` collagen synthesis Cementing substances for capillary walls antioxidant iron absorption immune function ```

what are disaccharide

sugars made up of two saccharide or units of sugar

what are monosaccharides ?

simple sugar with a single unit of sugars

what are the functions of protein?

``` Tissue building and repair/maintenance of cells facilitate cellular reactions precursors to digestive enzymes and hormones combine with iron to make hemoglobin Immune system function fluid balance acid-base balance secondary energy source ```

what does a myplate include?

``` Fruits vegetables grains proteins dairy ```

``` what does a nutritional fact label include? Select all that apply A. serving size B. number of servings per package C. total calories D. calories from fat per serving E. amounts of key nutrients F. percent of daily values ```

``` A. serving size B. number of servings per package C. total calories D. calories from fat per serving E. amounts of key nutrients F. percent of daily values ```

What is a simple carbohydrate

it is a sugar | names according to the number of sugar units making up their chemical structure

What is daily percent values?

the percentage that a serving a food contributes to a consumers daily intake of the nutrient listed usually based on a 2,000 total calories

What is Ketones

alternative fuel converted from lipids | raises the acidity of the blood and can lead to acid-base. imbalance

What is myplate

five color food guide that visually illustrates a healthy meal

What is the function of a carbohydrate ?

Primary energy source for the body - for muscle and organ function

What is the function of a macronutrient?

supply the body with energy

What is the function of micronutrient

help manufacture repair and maintain cells

What is the scientific evidence given by the USDA Guidelines?

Provide information about nutritious diet, maintaining weight, adequate exercise and food safety

what level of cholesterol should be in your total calories

300mg

``` When is the USDA Guidelines updated? A. Every year B. Every 6 months C. Every 5 years D. Every 10 years ```

C. Every 5 years

Where is glucose stored?

in the liver and skeletal muscle tissue as glycogen which is converted back into glucose to meet energy needs

Which amino acid can be synthesized in the body and which can not ? (Essential and nonessential )

Essential - cannot be manufactured in the body while nonessential can

``` Who are the intended primary source of health information from the USDA Guidelines. Select all that apply A. Patients in a hospital setting B. Educators C. Policy makers D. Obese individuals E. Healthcare providers F. The malnutrition ```

B. Educators C. Policy makers E. Healthcare Providers

Why was the USDA Guidelines developed.

to help people improve their nutritional habits

Zinc function

cofactor for many enzymes involved in growth insulin storage immunity alcohol metabolism sexual and developmental and reproductive