Sleep and Rest Flashcards
Compare and contrast sleep and rest. How are they different? Alike?
Sleep is a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity. Sleep
is characterized by reduced skeletal muscle activity. Blood pressure and pulse rate decrease, and skin vessels dilate. The metabolism falls
by 20% to 30%, so energy is conserved. At rest, the body is disturbed by all exterior noises, whereas in sleep, it is screened from them by altered consciousness. Rest is a condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed. Although necessary and beneficial, rest without sleep is inadequate. Sleep restores the normal levels of normal brain activity
and “balance” in the central nervous system; rest alone cannot do this. Many organs that function during rest suspend their activities
in sleep.
Why is promoting sleep an important nursing intervention?
because it enhances wellness and speeds recovery from illness. Sleep and illness are interrelated. Prolonged lack of sleep can result in illness, and illness interferes with sleep. Sleep and rest are both essential to life and for keeping the body, mind, and spirit in excellent physiological shape. Rest and sleep restore energy, improve learning, and strengthen the immune system. Without the proper amount of sleep, the body ceases to function efficiently.
List the five stages of sleep.
Sleep includes the following stages of NREM and REM sleep:
• NREM (non–rapid eye movement, also called slow-wave sleep) is stages I, II, III, and IV
• REM (rapid eye movement) is stage V
What is the stage that must be “made up” if not enough time is spent in it?
REM (stage V) sleep must be made up.
What is the most common dyssomnia?
Insomnia is the most common dyssomnia.
What are the clinical signs of sleep deprivation?
• Daytime drowsiness • Difficulty performing daily tasks • Perceptual disorders • Impaired cognitive functioning, problem-solving, and decision making • Irritability • Slowed reaction time • Somatic (body) complaints • General feeling of malaise If sleep deprivation is severe and prolonged, delusions, paranoia, and other psychotic behaviors may occur.
Why are sleeping pills not recommended for chronic insomnia?
• They are habit forming.
• They become less effective with long-term use.They can have serious side effects.
However, sedative–hypnotic treatment is justified in short-term insomnia to avoid the known consequences of insomnia on mood and performance. Short-term, aggressive treatment may prevent the development of chronic insomnia
Why is snoring significant?
Snoring is a physical sign of obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring can also significantly reduce the quality of sleep for the bed partner.
Sleepwalking (somnambulism) occurs during
stages III and IV of NREM sleep, usually 1 to
2 hours after falling asleep.
Sleeptalking occurs during
NREM sleep, just before the REM stage. It does not usually interfere with the person’s rest. Speech is often nonsensical and garbled.
Bruxism,
grinding and clenching of the teeth,
Bruxism, grinding and clenching of the teeth, usually occurs during
stage II NREM sleep. It can eventually erode tooth enamel, loosen the teeth, and lead to misalignment.
Night terrors are sudden arousals in which the person (usually a child) is physically active and expresses fear or strong emotion. which occur during
REM, night terrors occur during stage IV (deep NREM) sleep.
Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is nighttime incontinence. It has incorrectly been associated with dreaming; however, most incidents occur during
NREM sleep, during the first third of
the night when the child is difficult to rouse.
Describe ways in which depression can affect sleep.
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Less slow-wave (deep) sleep
- Less time in REM sleep
- Awaken early
- Less total sleep time
- Hypersomnia (excessive sleeping)
Sleep Pattern Disturbance
NANDA-I nursing diagnosis defining a time-limited interruption in sleep resulting from external factors, such as room temperature and humidity, noise, lighting, noxious odors, sleep partner, unfamiliar sleep surroundings or bed, interruptions, lack of privacy, and physical restraints.
Sleep Deprivation
is the NANDA-I nursing diag- nosis for a patient who has a decreased amount, consistency, or quality of sleep over prolonged periods of time
Readiness for Enhanced Sleep
NANDA-I diagnosis for a client who has no particular sleep problem but desires improved quality of sleep.
What is the classification of zolpidem tartrate? Why is it an especially desirable medication for sleep?
Zolpidem tartrate is classified as a sedative/hypnotic nonbarbiturate. It is an especially desirable medication for sleep because it is short acting and does not produce a hangover effect.
What are two other classes of medications that are sometimes prescribed for sleep?
Answers may include the following classes of medications (other than sedative/hypnotic, nonbarbiturate) prescribed for sleep:
• Benzodiazepines
• Tricyclic antidepressants • Barbiturates
what is rest?
decreased activity with a feeling of being refreshed
people rest by doing things they find calm and relaxing
what is sleep?
state of rest accompanied by an altered state of consciousness
its is complex and rhythmic with a cyclic nature
where is sleep controlled
the lower part of the brain
What are the functions of sleep
restores normal levels of activity
restores balance among parts of the nervous system
Facilities protein synthesis
restores psychological well-being (how we look, feel, and perform on a daily basis)
The nurse is preparing to teach a client about the important of rest and sleep. Which statement made by the client would indicate the need for further teaching?
A. The client verbalizes that circadian rhythms do indeed influence sleep
B. The client suggests that their Reticular Activating System is responsible for maintaining restfulness
C. The client verbalizes that they may be less likely to develop an infection if they sleep less than 5 hours per day
D. The client suggests they it may be easier to gain weight if they do not get enough regular sleep
C. The client verbalizes that they may be less likely to develop an infection if they sleep less than 5 hours per day
When adequate sleep is not maintained the bodies ability to maintain glucose is lessened therefore responds with insulin resistance. This leads to reduced energy expenditure, all of which can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes
All of the other options suggests adequate information
