Stomach Flashcards
L1: What feature of H. pylori enables its resistance to gastric acid?
Urease
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Most common bacterial infection of the stomach
Helicobacter pylori
L2: Name the two types of gross morphology for gastric carcinoma.
Linitis plastica and ulcerating
L2: Name the two types of microscopic morphology for gastric carcinoma.
Intestinal type and diffuse type
L2: Name two virulence factors associated with H pylori infection
VacA, CagA
L2: What is the characteristic histologic features of diffuse type gastric carcinoma?
Signet ring cells
L2: What is the most common gene class involved in GIST tumors?
Tyrosine Kinases
L2: What is the most common molecular aberration in diffuse type gastric carcinoma?
CDH1 mutation/methylation
L2: What is the most common molecular aberration in intestinal type gastric carcinoma?
Wnt/APC mutation
L2: What is the treatment for MALT lymphoma?
H. pylori treatment/eradication
L2: What is the treatment? Hyperplasia of pyloric muscularis propria causing obstruction of gastric flow
Surgical Myotomy
L2: What pathologic pattern? Associated with c-kit mutaiton
GIST
L2: What pathologic pattern? Causes persistent non-bilious projectile vomiting in young infants
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
L2: What pathologic pattern? Thickening of the wall in the context of gastric carcinoma
Linitis plastica pattern
L2: What pathologic pattern? Ulcers with heaped up edges and unclean bases
Adenocarcinoma
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Associated with prostaglandin depletion and reduced mucus production
NSAID-induced gastritis
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Autoimmune attack against parietal cells producing Intrinsic Factor
Autoimmune Gastritis
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Classically seen in patients with mechanical ventilation, CNS injury, a coagulopathy, or burns
Stress-Related Mucosal Injury
L2: Which type of gastric polyp appears grossly as bumps on the stomach wall with microscopic dilatation of glands?
Fundic gland polyp
L2: Which type of gastric polyp has dark atypical cells with dysplasia on microscopic analysis?
Gastric adenoma
L2: Which type of gastric polyp is associated with chronic PPI use?
Fundic gland polyp
L2: Which type of gastric polyp is associated with FAP?
Gastric adenoma
L2: Which type of gastric polyp is benign and develops in response to chronic gastritis?
Hyperplastic polyp
L2: Which type of gastric polyp is large, pedunculated and found predominantly in the stomach and antrum of the stomach?
Hyperplastic polyp
L2: Which type of gastric polyp is most common?
Hyperplastic polyp
L3: Indications (3) for H. pylori treatment
peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma, family hx of gastric carcinoma
L3: Name the 3 complications of peptic ulcer disease in order of decreasing incidence
Bleeding, Perforation, Obstruction
L3: Name the three types of gastric polyps. Which has a greater likelihood of progression to malignancy?
Hyperplastic, gastric adenoma, fundic gland polyp; gastric adenoma
L3: Name the two most common diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection
Rapid urease; endoscopy with mucosal biopsy
L3: What is the gross appearance of ulcers in peptic ulcer disease?
Punched-out ulcer with a clean base
L4: Name 4 sequelae of H. pylori infection
peptic ulcers, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, lymphoma
L4: Name the 4 most common gastric neoplasms.
Adenocarcinoma, Gastric Polyp, GIST, Carcinoid tumor, MALT lymphoma
L4: Name the components of H. pylori quadruple therapy
PPI, metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth
L4: Name the components of H. pylori triple therapy
PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin
