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Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

L1: Most common type of cancer in the small bowel.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

L1: Most common type of cancer of the appendix

A

Carcinoma

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3
Q

L1: Name the top two causes of death from infection in the U.S.

A
  1. Pneumonia, 2. Diarrhea
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4
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Can be transmitted by contaminated water or shell fish

A

Norovirus

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5
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Lasts 5-8 days

A

Rotavirus

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6
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Preferentially affects infants and young children

A

Rotavirus

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7
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Responsible for family and community epidemics

A

Norovirus

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8
Q

L1: What pathologic pattern? New onset diarrhea seen in a patient being treated with antibiotics, often in the inpatient setting.

A

Pseudomembranous colitis/Clostridium difficile

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9
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated wih abscess formation

A

Crohn Disease

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10
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with fistula formation

A

Crohn Disease

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11
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with Malabsorption or Obstruction

A

Crohn Disease

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12
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with Progressive Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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13
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with strictures

A

Crohn Disease

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14
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Deep, linear ulcers

A

Crohn Disease

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15
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? More commonly associated with extraintestinal symptoms

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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16
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Predisposes to colorectal cancer

A

Both

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17
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Superficial, confluent ulcers

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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18
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Thickened wall appearance

A

Crohn Disease

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19
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Thinned wall appearance

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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20
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Toxic Megacolon

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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21
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Transmural inflammation and granulomas

A

Crohn Disease

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22
Q

L2: Difference >50 mOsm is indicative of _____ diarrhea

A

Osmotic

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23
Q

L2: Name the 4 main fat-soluble vitamins.

A

A, D, E, and K

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24
Q

L2: Name the complications of diverticulosis. (2)

A

Diverticulitis, hemorrhage

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25
Q

L2: Name the two watershed areas affected in ischemic colitis.

A

Splenic flexure, rectosigmoid junction

26
Q

L2: What are the two histologic patterns seen in microscopic colitis?

A

Thickened collagenous band or lymphocytic infiltration

27
Q

L2: What is the most common strain of E. coli implicated in diarrheal infection?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7)

28
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? “Volcano-like” eruption of neutrophils and mucinous debris forming a layer on the mucosal surface at sites of injury

A

Pseudomembranous colitis/Clostridium difficile

29
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Accounts for most cases of self-limited infectious diarrhea

A

Vrial enterocolitis

30
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Bloody diarrhea with severe cramps and no fever; edema, erosions, ulcerations, and hemorrhage mostly in the right colon

31
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Chronic secretory diarrhea of colonic origin with no positive findings on endoscopy

A

Microscopic Colitis

32
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Fever, joint pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, CNS/neurologic signs; PAS+ staining macrophages on biopsy with confirmatory PCR

A

Whipple’s Disease

33
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Flask-shaped ulcers with organisms (bright red nuclei and abundant cytoplasm) in the mucus and stool

A

Entamoeba histolytica

34
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Leading cause of death from infectious diarrhea in the US

35
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Major cause of diarrhea worldwide, found in contaminated meat, water, or unpasteurized dairy; watery diarrhea

A

Campylobacter

36
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea and diarrheal mortality

37
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common helminthic cause of GI infection

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

38
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common parasitic cause of infectious diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica

39
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Organism-laden macrophages accumulate in the small intestine lamina propria, impaired lymphatic transport with malabsorption

A

Whipple’s Disease

40
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Protozoan parasite causing sporadic or epidemic diarrhea.

41
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Steatorrhea, weight loss, diarrhea, vitamin deficiencies

A

Fat malabsorption

42
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Symptoms develop 7-14 days after exposure the water that was not filtered (may have been treated with chloride)

43
Q

L2: What pathologic pattern? Traveler’s diarrhea that may develop abdominal pain, headache, fever; possible complications of perforation and toxic megacolon

A

Salmonella/Typhoid

44
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with a history of radiation

A

Radiation proctitis

45
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea

46
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with chronic microcytic anemia

A

Neoplasm or AVM

47
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with travel, ill contacts, antibiotic use

A

infectious colitis

48
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with weight loss, new constipation, and anemia

49
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Hematochezia after surgery or MI

A

Ischemic colitis

50
Q

L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Painless, heavy bleeding in elderly patient

A

Diverticulosis

51
Q

L2: Which MHC alleles are associated with celiac disease?

A

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

52
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Left lower quadrant pain, nausea, fever

A

Diverticulitis

53
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Nausea/vomiting, distention, constipation, obstipation

A

Colonic obstruction

54
Q

L3: Osm Gap = _______

A

290- 2(Na + K)

55
Q

L3: What antibodies are associated with celiac disease?

A

anti-TTg, anti-endomysial, anti-gliadin

56
Q

L3: What is the histologic finding in celiac disease?

A

Loss of villi with crypt hyperplasia

57
Q

L3: Which malignancies have increased prevalence in individuals with celiac disease?

A

EAT lymphoma and small intestinal adenocarcinoma

58
Q

L4: Name 5 causes of non-inflammatory infectious diarrhea

A

Rotavirus, Norovirus, vibrio cholera, Giardia, E. coli (ETEC)

59
Q

L4: Name 5 pathogens that cause inflammatory diarrhea

A

Campylobacter, E. coli (EHEC), entamoeba histolytica, salmonella, clostridium difficile

60
Q

L4: Name the 4 most common bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal infection.

A

Campylobacter, Salmonella, Clostridium, E. coli

61
Q

L4: Types of Diarrhea (4)

A

Watery, Fatty, Inflammatory/Exudative, Functional

GI (15 decks)

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