Esophagus Flashcards
L1: Esophageal ______ disorders cause dysphagia to solids first with dysphagia to liquids only late in the course
structural
L1: Esophageal _______ disorders cause dysphagia to both solids and liquids.
motility
L1: In the Barrett Esophagus > Adenocarcinoma progression, what stage is defined by elongated nuclei and pencillate cells?
Low-grade dysplasia
L1: In the Barrett Esophagus > Adenocarcinoma progression, what stage is defined by rounded nuclei and crowded glands?
High-grade dysplasia
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Columnar metaplasia of the esophagus with “intestinalization”
Barrett’s Esophagus
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Esophageal cancer associated with age and alcohol/tobacco use arising anywhere along the length of the esophagus
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Esophageal cancer usually arising in the distal esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Esophageal cancer with decreasing incidence in the US
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Esophageal cancer with increasing incidence in the US
Adenocarcinoma
L1: Which pathologic pattern? Multisystem disorder with small vessel obliterative vasculitis leading to fibrosis of multiple organs
Scleroderma/PSS
L2: Esophageal ______ disorders are more likely to manifest with weight loss.
structural
L2: In Barrett’s Esophagus, what is appearance on endoscopy?
Salmon-colored patchiness
L2: In Barrett’s Esophagus, which abnormal cell type is likely to be identified on histology?
Goblet cell
L2: What is seen on endoscopy and histology in eosinophilic esophagitis?
Ringed pattern; eosinophilic infiltrate
L2: What is the preferred diagnostic tool for evaluating esophageal diverticula?
Barium study
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Child with recurrent bouts of pneumonia and regurgitation
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Congenitally caused esophageal stricture
Schatzki’s Ring
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Impaired relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter
Achalasia
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Infectious cause of esophagitis with punched out ulcers
HSV
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Infectious cause of esophagitis with white plaques
Candida
L2: Which pathologic pattern? LES tearing, severe vomiting associated with alcohol intoxication
Mallory-Weiss Tear
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Outpouching of esophagus leading to food regurgitation or bacterial colonization
Zenker’s Diverticulum
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Type ___ achalasia: abnormal lumen obliterating contractions in the esophagus with poor response to botox injection, myotomy, and pneumatic dilatation
III
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Type ___ achalasia: simulatneous pressurization along length of esophagus with response to botox injection, myotomy, and pneumatic dilatation
II
L3: Name 3 esophageal motility disorders.
Achalasia, Scleroderma, Spastic Disorders
L3: Name both complications of GERD.
Barrett’s Esophagus and Erosive Esophagitis
L3: What is the differential for a patient presenting with dysphagia to solids and liquids?
Achalasia, Scleroderma, Spastic Disorders
L3: What is the treatment? Achalasia (3)
Botulinum Injection, Pneumatic balloon dilatation, Myotomy
L4: Name 4 possible sequelae of reflux esophagitis/GERD
Ulcerations, strictures, Barrett’s Esophagus, Adenocarcinoma
L4: Name 5 risk factors for GERD.
obesity, pregnancy, tobacco use, medications, concurrent disorders (ZE, PSS, gastroparesis)
