Histology

Question 1

L1: _______ are specialized epithelial cells that function as antigen-presenting cells in the GI tract.

Answer 1

M cells

Question 2

L1: Along the length of the small intestine, the amount of lymphatic tissue ______ from proximal to distal.

Answer 2

increases

Question 3

L1: Along the length of the small intestine, the number of goblet cells ______ from proximal to distal.

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

L1: Along the length of the small intestine, the number of villi ______ from proximal to distal.

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

L1: Brunner’s glands release _______.

Answer 5

bicarbonate

Question 6

L1: Crypts of Lieberkuhn are located in the _______.

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

L1: In the small intestine, stem cells are abundant in the ________.

Answer 7

lower third of crypts

Question 8

L1: The central lymphatic vessel in a small intestinal villus is a called a _______.

Answer 8

lacteal

Question 9

L1: The esophagus is line by _______-type epithelium

Answer 9

stratified squamous

Question 10

L1: The muscularis externa is involved in ________.

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

L1: What structure is unique to the duodenal segment of the small intestine?

Answer 11

Brunner’s Glands

Question 12

L2: ________ is an apical surface enzyme on ______ cells that converts trypsinogen to trypsin.

Answer 12

Enterokinase; enterocytes

Question 13

L2: A cells: secrete _____.

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

L2: Acid secretion in the stomach is induced by _______.

Answer 14

gastrin and histamine

Question 15

L2: Chief cells secrete ______.

Answer 15

pepsinogen

Question 16

L2: D cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 16

somatostatin; stomach except center

Question 17

L2: EC cells: secrete _____.

Answer 17

Serotonin

Question 18

L2: G cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 18

gastrin; pylorus

Question 19

L2: I cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 19

CCK; small intestine

Question 20

L2: In salivary secretions, watery secretions stain _______, while more mucous secretions stain more ________.

Answer 20

darkly; lightly

Question 21

L2: Mo cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 21

motilin; small intestine

Question 22

L2: Parietal cells secrete ______.

Answer 22

acid, intrinsic factor

Question 23

L2: S cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 23

secretin; small intestine

Question 24

L2: Secretion of contents from pancreatic acinar cells is under control by _______.

Answer 24

secretin; CCK

Question 25

L2: The muscularis externa is innervated by ________.

Answer 25

Auerbach’s Plexus

Question 26

L2: The muscularis mucosa is innervated by ________.

Answer 26

Meissner’s Plexus

Question 27

L2: The muscularis muscosa is involved in _________.

Answer 27

propulsion of gland contents

Question 28

L2: The small intestine has transverse-oriented folds projecting into the lumen of the intestine called ________.

Answer 28

Plicae circulares

Question 29

L2: The stomach has longitudinal folds called ________ that enable stretching of the stomach to accommodate increased stomach contents.

Answer 29

Rugae

Question 30

L2: VIP cells: secrete _____ in the _______.

Answer 30

VIP; stomach/intestines

Question 31

L3: Name the 4 layers of the GI tract wall

Answer 31

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa/adventitia

Question 32

L3: Paneth cells have eosinophilic granules containing _________. (3)

Answer 32

Defensins, lysozyme, phospholipase

Question 33

L3: Stem cells of the stomach lie in the _______.

Answer 33

Neck region of ducts