Physiology

Question 1

L1: _______ are the most abundant fat in our diet.

Answer 1

Trigylcerides

Question 2

L1: _______ is a major enzyme in salivary and pancreatic secretions involvement in carbohydrate breakdown

Answer 2

Amylase

Question 3

L1: Amino acids are taken up by sodium-______ transporters.

Answer 3

dependent

Question 4

L1: Carbohydrates with Beta1-4 bonds are referred to as _________.

Answer 4

Dietary fiber

Question 5

L1: In severe diarrhea, there is risk of hypo______.

Answer 5

hypokalemia

Question 6

L1: Mucus production by stomach epithelial cells is stimulated by ________.

Answer 6

Prostaglandins

Question 7

L1: True/False: Only monosaccharides can be absorbed; larger sugars cannot be absorbed.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

L1: True/False: Only single amino acids can be absorbed; small peptides cannot be absorbed.

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

L1: True/False: only triglycerides may be absorbed; larger lipid chains must be broken down.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

L2: _____ in the small intestine decreases release of CCK.

Answer 10

Trypsin

Question 11

L2: _____ is used to pump glucose, galactose, and fructose across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes.

Answer 11

GLUT2

Question 12

L2: _______ is the most abundant carbohydrate in the diet

Answer 12

amylopectin

Question 13

L2: Bile salts solubilize fats into _______.

Answer 13

micelles

Question 14

L2: GLUT5 is sodium-________ and is involved in uptake of _______.

Answer 14

independent; fructose

Question 15

L2: In pancreatic secretions, high flow rates produce secretions with ____ Na and _____ bicarbonate

Answer 15

high; high

Question 16

L2: In parietal cells, bicarbonate ions are pumped out the ______ side of the cell via the ______.

Answer 16

basolateral; Cl/HCO3 exchanger

Question 17

L2: In parietal cells, chloride ions are pumped out the ______ side of the cell.

Answer 17

apical

Question 18

L2: In parietal cells, protons are pumped out the ______ side of the cell via the ______.

Answer 18

apical; H+/K+ ATPase

Question 19

L2: In salivary secretions, high flow rate produces secretions with _____ NaCl and ______ bicarbonate

Answer 19

low; high

Question 20

L2: In salivary secretions, low flow rate produces secretions with _____ NaCl and ______ bicarbonate

Answer 20

high; low

Question 21

L2: Most chloride absoprtion occurs in the ________.

Answer 21

Proximal intestines

Question 22

L2: Most iron absorption occurs in the ______.

Answer 22

Proximal intestines

Question 23

L2: Most potassium absorption occurs via ____cellular mechanisms in the _______, but some absorption occurs via _____cellular mechanisms in the _____.

Answer 23

para-; jejunum; trans-; colon

Question 24

L2: Most sodium and water absorption occurs in the _______.

Answer 24

jejunum

Question 25

L2: Myoepithelial cells are primarily present in ______ glands.

Answer 25

Salivary

Question 26

L2: Name 3 risk factors for peptic ulcer disease.

Answer 26

NSAIDs, H. pylori infection, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 27

L2: Name 3 stimuli that increase pancreatic secretions.

Answer 27

ACh, Secretin, CCK

Question 28

L2: Name the 3 phases of acid secretion; which phase is inhibitory?

Answer 28

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal; intestinal

Question 29

L2: Salivary gland ductal cells absorb ______ from the lumen.

Answer 29

Na, Cl

Question 30

L2: Salivary gland ductal cells secrete ______ into the lumen.

Answer 30

K, HCO3

Question 31

L2: SGLT1 is sodium-________ and is involved in uptake of _______.

Answer 31

dependent; glucose, galactose

Question 32

L2: Small peptides are taken up in cotransport with ______.

Answer 32

Protons

Question 33

L2: Triglycerides are resynthesized in the enterocytes and incorporated into ______, which are released via ______.

Answer 33

chylomicrons; lacteals

Question 34

L3: Name 3 parietal cell secretagogues.

Answer 34

Gastrin (CCK-8), Histamine (H2), ACh (M3)

Question 35

L4: Name 5 enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown.

Answer 35

Maltase, isomaltase, trehalase, lactase, sucrase