Physiology Flashcards
L1: _______ are the most abundant fat in our diet.
Trigylcerides
L1: _______ is a major enzyme in salivary and pancreatic secretions involvement in carbohydrate breakdown
Amylase
L1: Amino acids are taken up by sodium-______ transporters.
dependent
L1: Carbohydrates with Beta1-4 bonds are referred to as _________.
Dietary fiber
L1: In severe diarrhea, there is risk of hypo______.
hypokalemia
L1: Mucus production by stomach epithelial cells is stimulated by ________.
Prostaglandins
L1: True/False: Only monosaccharides can be absorbed; larger sugars cannot be absorbed.
TRUE
L1: True/False: Only single amino acids can be absorbed; small peptides cannot be absorbed.
FALSE
L1: True/False: only triglycerides may be absorbed; larger lipid chains must be broken down.
TRUE
L2: _____ in the small intestine decreases release of CCK.
Trypsin
L2: _____ is used to pump glucose, galactose, and fructose across the basolateral membrane of enterocytes.
GLUT2
L2: _______ is the most abundant carbohydrate in the diet
amylopectin
L2: Bile salts solubilize fats into _______.
micelles
L2: GLUT5 is sodium-________ and is involved in uptake of _______.
independent; fructose
L2: In pancreatic secretions, high flow rates produce secretions with ____ Na and _____ bicarbonate
high; high
L2: In parietal cells, bicarbonate ions are pumped out the ______ side of the cell via the ______.
basolateral; Cl/HCO3 exchanger
L2: In parietal cells, chloride ions are pumped out the ______ side of the cell.
apical
L2: In parietal cells, protons are pumped out the ______ side of the cell via the ______.
apical; H+/K+ ATPase
L2: In salivary secretions, high flow rate produces secretions with _____ NaCl and ______ bicarbonate
low; high
L2: In salivary secretions, low flow rate produces secretions with _____ NaCl and ______ bicarbonate
high; low
L2: Most chloride absoprtion occurs in the ________.
Proximal intestines
L2: Most iron absorption occurs in the ______.
Proximal intestines
L2: Most potassium absorption occurs via ____cellular mechanisms in the _______, but some absorption occurs via _____cellular mechanisms in the _____.
para-; jejunum; trans-; colon
L2: Most sodium and water absorption occurs in the _______.
jejunum
L2: Myoepithelial cells are primarily present in ______ glands.
Salivary
L2: Name 3 risk factors for peptic ulcer disease.
NSAIDs, H. pylori infection, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
L2: Name 3 stimuli that increase pancreatic secretions.
ACh, Secretin, CCK
L2: Name the 3 phases of acid secretion; which phase is inhibitory?
Cephalic, gastric, intestinal; intestinal
L2: Salivary gland ductal cells absorb ______ from the lumen.
Na, Cl
L2: Salivary gland ductal cells secrete ______ into the lumen.
K, HCO3
L2: SGLT1 is sodium-________ and is involved in uptake of _______.
dependent; glucose, galactose
L2: Small peptides are taken up in cotransport with ______.
Protons
L2: Triglycerides are resynthesized in the enterocytes and incorporated into ______, which are released via ______.
chylomicrons; lacteals
L3: Name 3 parietal cell secretagogues.
Gastrin (CCK-8), Histamine (H2), ACh (M3)
L4: Name 5 enzymes involved in carbohydrate breakdown.
Maltase, isomaltase, trehalase, lactase, sucrase
