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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > STIs and Non-STIs > Flashcards

STIs and Non-STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common pathogen to cause candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

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2
Q

Give risk factors for candida

A 
Pregnancy
Diabetes
Broad spec abx
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppresion
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3
Q

What are the main symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Itching
White, thick discharge
Dysuria

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4
Q

What signs can be noted on examination of candidiasis?

A

Erythema
Swelling
Satellite lesions
Thick white discharge

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5
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis tend to present?

A

Foul smelling white discharge

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6
Q

Which kind of organism is responsible for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan

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7
Q

Which investigations are used for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Not routine

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8
Q

When would a vaginal smear be performed in cases of candidiasis?

A

“Complicated”
Recurrent
Pregnancy say
Immunocompromise

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9
Q

How is uncomplicated candidiasis treated?

A

Anti-fungal
Intra-vaginal - clotrimazole
Oral - fluconazole

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10
Q

How is candida in pregnancy treated?

A

Intravaginal antifungal (clotrimazole)

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11
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Disturbance in vaginal flora

Reduction in lactobacilli numbers causing increase in pH

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12
Q

What should the pH of the vagina be?

A

<4.5

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13
Q

What are the most common pathogens which cause bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Anaerobes
Mycoplasms

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14
Q

What are the main risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A 
Sexually active
IUD
STI
Vaginal douching
Abx use
Smoking
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15
Q

What is seen on examination of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Thin, white/grey discharge

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16
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis investigated?

A

high vaginal smear

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17
Q

Which cells are seen on microscopy of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Clue cells

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18
Q

How is symptomatic bacterial vaginosis treated?

A

Metronidazole

or clindamycin or tinidazole

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19
Q

Which bacterium causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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20
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause ocular infection?

A

A-C

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21
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause GU infection?

A

D-K

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22
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

L1-L3

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23
Q

Which group get LGV with chlamydia?

A

MSM

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24
Q

What are the risk factors for chlamydia?

A

Recent change in sexual partner

Another STI

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25
Q

What is the incubation period of chlamydia?

A

7-21 days

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26
Q

What are the main symptoms of chlamydia in females?

A 
Dysuria
Abnormal discharge
Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
Deep Dyspareunia
Lower abdo pain
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27
Q

What may be noted in examination of chlamydia in females?

A

Cervicitis
Mucopurulent discharge
Pelvic tenderness
Cervical excitation

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28
Q

What are the main symptoms of chlamydia in men?

A

Dysuria
Urethral discharge
Testicular pain

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29
Q

What may be noted on examination of chlamydia in men?

A

Epididymal tenderness

Mucopurulent discharge

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30
Q

How is chlamydia investigated?

A

F - VVS
M - first pass urine or urethral swab
Sample sent for NAAT

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31
Q

What investigations are recommended in chlamydia suspicion?

A

Full STI screen

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32
Q

What causes genital herpes?

A

HSV

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33
Q

How is genital herpes transmitted?

A

Skin to skin contact in genitals/oropharynx

34
Q

What are the main risk factors for herpes?

A

Multiple sexual partners

Oral sex with a partner suffering from cold sores

35
Q

How does primary herpes present?

A

Small red blisters
Discharge
Flu-like symptoms
Itch

36
Q

How does secondary/recurrent herpes present?

A

Burning and itching around the genitals

Painful red blisters around genitals

37
Q

How is herpes investigated?

A

Swab and open sore

PCR for HSV

38
Q

How is primary herpes treated?

A

Aciclovir

39
Q

How are recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes treated?

A

Painkillers
Petroleum jelly
Ice packs
if regular - aciclovir daily

40
Q

What is the main cause of genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

41
Q

What are the main risk factors for warts?

A 
Early age at first sexual intercourse
Multiple partners
Immunosuppression
Smoking
Diabetes
42
Q

Describe a genital wart

A

Painless fleshy growths on the genitals

43
Q

How are genital warts investigated?

A

None routine

May biopsy if malignancy suspected

44
Q

How are warts treated?

A

Not always req’d
Imiquimod 3 times weekly
Podophyllotoxin 2x day for 3 days and then 3 days rest

45
Q

How are warts non-medically managed?

A

Excision
Cryotherapy
Electrosurgery
Laser surgery

46
Q

What is the causative organism for gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

47
Q

Which groups are most commonly affected by gonorrhoea?

A

<25

MSM

48
Q

What are the main risk factors for gonorrhoea?

A

Multiple partners

Prev infection

49
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in a female?

A

Thin, watery yellow discharge
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
Lower abdo pain

50
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in the male?

A

Mucopurulent urethral discharge

Dysuria

51
Q

What is seen on examination of female in gonorrhoea?

A

Discharge
Easily induced cervical bleeding
Pelvic tenderness

52
Q

What is noted on infection of the male in gonorrhoea?

A

Discharge epididymial tenderness

53
Q

How is gonorrhoea investigated females?

A

Endocervical/vaginal swab for NAAT

54
Q

How is gonorrhoea investigated in males?

A

First pass urine for NAAT

55
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

IM ceftriaxone

56
Q

When would a gonorrhoea patient be admitted to hospital?

A

Features of gonococcal meningitis

Signs of severe PID

57
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Infection of upper genital tract in females which affects uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

58
Q

Which STIs most commonly cause PID?

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

59
Q

How does PID present?

A

Lower abdo pain
Menstrual/bleeding abnormality
Dysuria
Vag discharge

60
Q

What may be noted on examination of PID?

A

Tenderness of uterus/adnexae
Cervical excitation
Palpable mass in lower abo

61
Q

How is PID investigated?

A

Endocervical swab
HVS
Pregnancy test

62
Q

How is PID treated?

A

Broad spec abx

63
Q

When would a PID patient be admitted to hospital?

A

Pregnant
Severe symptoms- n&v, fever
Need IV abx

64
Q

What are the common complications of PID?

A 
Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility 
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Chronic pain
Fits-Hugh Curtis syndrome
65
Q

What type of organism causes syphilis?

A

Spirochete gram neg bacterium

66
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

67
Q

What is a chancre?

A

Painless, hard ulcer formed at the site of entry

68
Q

In which stage of syphilis would you find a chancre?

A

Primary

69
Q

How does secondary syphilis present?

A

Non-specific (w, f, f)
Skin rash (hands and feet)
Condylomata lata
Silver-grey mucous membrane lesion

70
Q

What are the three types of tertiary syphilis?

A

Gummatous
Neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis

71
Q

How is syphilis investigated?

A

PCR of swab from active lesion

72
Q

Syphilis specific IgG remains positive for life on serology

true/false

A

True

73
Q

What is measured to assess response to treatment?

A

VDRL

74
Q

When may a false positive result on VDRL occur?

A

Pregnancy

Inflammatory conditions

75
Q

What is used to treat syphilis?

A

Penicillin

76
Q

What should be given alongside penicillin in neurosyphilis or cardiovascular syphilis?

A

Steroids

77
Q

Why are steroids sometimes given with penicillin treatment in syphilis?

A

Prevent Jarisch Herxheimer reaction - inflammatory response to death of syphilis pathogen

78
Q

How does trichomonas vaginalis present in females?

A 
Offensive vaginal odour
Discharge - thick/thin, frothy, yellow/green
Itchy
Dyspareunia
Dysuria
79
Q

How does trichomonas present in the male?

A 
Discharge
Dysuria
Freq
Pain
Itch
80
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis investigated?

A

HVS

M- first pass urine

81
Q

What is used to treat trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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