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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > Ovarian Disorder > Flashcards

Ovarian Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Give three protective factors for ovarian cancer

A

Multiparty
COCP
Breast feeding

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2
Q

Which genes are implicated in ovarian cancers?

A

BRCA1&2

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3
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

Hereditary syndrome associated with increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers (TCCs)

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4
Q

Where is the BRCA1 gene found?

A

Chromosome 17

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5
Q

Where is the BRCA2 gene found?

A

Chromosome 13

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6
Q

Describe a simple ovarian cyst

A

Regular, smooth

Contains only fluid

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7
Q

What is a complex ovarian cyst?

A

Irregular

Solid material and blood may be found in

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8
Q

What is the typical size of a follicular cyst?

A

<3cm

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9
Q

What is the typical size of a corpus luteal cyst?

A

<5cm

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10
Q

What is a “chocolate cyst”?

A

Endometrioma

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11
Q

What is a theca luetin cyst a consequence of?

A

Raised hCG

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12
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian tumour?

A

Serous cystadenoma

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13
Q

In which groups to mature cystic teratomas present?

A

Young women

Pregnancy

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14
Q

Which tissues may cystic teratomas contain?

A

Teeth, hair, skin, bone

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15
Q

What is a mature cystic teratoma otherwise known as?

A

Dermoid cyst

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16
Q

Which type of tumour is a cystic teratoma?

A

Germ cell

17
Q

Which type of tumour is a fibroma?

A

Sex-cord stromal

18
Q

What is Meig’s syndrome?

A

Fibroma
Ascites
Pleural effusion

19
Q

What causes Lynch syndrome?

A

Mismatch in repair of the genome due to microsatellite instabilities

20
Q

Why is CA125 not measured in premenopausal women?

A

Several benign triggers for increase

21
Q

What should be measured in cysts/tumours in women under 40?

A

LDH
AFP
hCG

22
Q

What are the most common hormonal abnormalities found in PCOS?

A

Excess LH

Insulin resistance

23
Q

Where is LH produced?

A

Ant pituitary

24
Q

What is LH produced in response to?

A

GnRH

25
Q

How does insulin resistance contribute to PCOS?

A

High insulin levels suppress sex hormone binding globulin so higher levels of circulating androgens

26
Q

What are the main clinical features of PCOS?

A 
Oligo/amenorrhoea
Hirsutism
Acne
Obesity
Chronic Pain
Depression
Infertility
27
Q

What is acanthosis nigrans?

A

Darkened skin which occurs secondary to insulin resistance

28
Q

How is PCOS investigated?

A

Test/SHBG/LH/FSH/progesterone levels

USS

29
Q

What do investigations show in PCOS?

A 
High testosterone
Low SHBG
Raised LH
Normal FSH
Low progesterone 
USS shows polycystic ovaries
30
Q

How is infertility in PCOS treated?

A

Clomifene and metformin

31
Q

How can hirsutism in PCOS be treated?

A

Anti-androgen

32
Q

Give examples of anti-androgen

A

Cyproterone
Spironolactone
Finasteride

33
Q

Which topical treatment can be used to treat hirsutism?

A

Eflornithine

34
Q

How can menstrual abnormalities be treated in PCOS?

A

COCP

Dydrogesterone

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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