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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > Foetal Abnormality > Flashcards

Foetal Abnormality Flashcards

1
Q

Give risk factors for abnormal foetal lie

A 
Prematurity
Multiple preg
Uterine abnormalities
PP
Primiparity
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2
Q

How is foetal lie and presentation confirmed?

A

USS

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3
Q

What is the lie of the foetus?

A

Relationship between the long axis of the foetus and the mother

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4
Q

What is the presentation of the foetus?

A

The foetal part which first enters the maternal pevlis

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5
Q

What is the position of the foetus?

A

Position of the head as it exits the birth canal

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6
Q

How can foetal lie be corrected?

A

External cephalic version after 36 weeks

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7
Q

Which complications are associated with external cephalic version?

A

APH
Rupture of membranes
Placental abruption
Foetal distress

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8
Q

How is breech presentation managed?

A

Attempt ECV before labour
Vaginal
C-sec

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9
Q

What is breech presentation?

A

When baby presents butt first

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10
Q

Describe complete breech position

A

Both legs flexed at hip and knee

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11
Q

Describe frank breech position

A

Both legs flexed at the hip and extended at the knee

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12
Q

Describe a footling breech position

A

One or both legs extended at the hip

Foot out first

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13
Q

Give foetal risk factors for breech presentation

A

Prematurity
Macrosomia
Polyhydramnios
Multiple preg

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14
Q

What are the main complications of breech presentation?

A 
Cord prolapse
Foetal head entrapment
Premature membrane rupture
Birth asphyxia
intracranial haemorrhage
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15
Q

What is oligohydramnios?

A

Low level of amniotic fluid during pregnancy

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16
Q

What is amniotic fluid mostly made of?

A

Foetal urine output

17
Q

What are the main causes of oligohydramnios?

A

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
Placental insufficiency
Non-functioning foetal kidneys
Viral infection

18
Q

How is amniotic fluid measured?

A

Amniotic fluid index

Maximum pool depth

19
Q

How is oligohydramnious diagnosed?

A

SFH

USS

20
Q

What is likely to occur within 24-48 hours of membrane rupture?

A

Labour

21
Q

What is polydramnios?

A

Abnormally large level of amniotic fluid

22
Q

What are the most common causes of polyhydramnios?

A 
Maternal diabetes
Lithium
Macrosomia
Duodenal atresia
Anaemia
Anything which affects foetal swallowin
23
Q

Which viral infections are particularly known for causing polyhydramnios?

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Parvovirus 
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Hepatitis
24
Q

How is polyhydramnios managed?

A

Largely not treated

25
Q

When would amnioreduction be considered in polyhydramnios?

A

Severe breathlessness or pain

26
Q

What does polyhydramnios increase the risk of?

A

Malpresentation

Post partum haemorrhage

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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