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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > Menstrual Disorders > Flashcards

Menstrual Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main actions of prostaglandins in the uterus?

A

Spiral artery vasospasm

Increased myometrial contractions

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2
Q

What are the main risk factors for primary dysmenorrhoea?

A 
Early menarche
Long menstrual phase
Heavy periods
Smoking
Nulliparity
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3
Q

Which other symptoms may be associated with dysmenorrhoea?

A 
Malaise
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Dizziness
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4
Q

What are causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Endometriosis
Adenomyosis
PID
Adhesions

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5
Q

How is primary dysmenorrhoea investigated?

A

Rule out underlying pathology
High vag swab
USS

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6
Q

How is primary dysmenorrhoea managed?

A

Stop smoking
Analgesia
Hormonal contraceptive use

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7
Q

What is thought to mediate primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

Excessive prostaglandin release from endometrial cells

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8
Q

What is abnormal/dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Heavy uterine bleeding not attributed to any other cause

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9
Q

What are the structural causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy

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10
Q

What are the non-structural causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

Coagulopathy
Ovulatory dysfunction
Iatrogenic

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11
Q

What are the two main risk factors for heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

Close to menarche
Approaching menopause
Prev C-sec
Obesity

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12
Q

What is used in the pharmacological assessment of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

LNG-IUS
Tranexamic acid
Norethisterone depo or implant

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13
Q

What is primary amenorrhoea?

A

Absence of menarche
In girls 16+ with secondary sexual characteristics
OR
Girls 14+ in absence of secondary sexual characteristics

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14
Q

What is secondary amenorrhoea?

A

Absence of periods or >6

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15
Q

What is oligomenorrhoea?

A

Irregular periods with >35 between or <9 periods per year

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16
Q

What are the hypothalamic causes of amenorrhoea?

A

Kallman syndrome

17
Q

What are the pituitary causes of amenorrhoea?

A

Prolactinoma - or any pituitary tumour
Sheehan’s syndrome
Destruction of pit gland
Post-contraception

18
Q

How does prolactinoma cause amenorrhoea?

A

Secretes high levels of prolactin to suppress GnRH secretion

19
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Post partum pituitary necrosis secondary to haemorrhage

20
Q

What may cause destruction of pit gland?

A

Radiation

Autoimmune

21
Q

In which kind of contraceptive is post-contraception amenorrhoea usually seen?

A

Depo provera injection

22
Q

What is seen in high levels in the blood with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

17-hydroxyprogesterone

23
Q

How do women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia present?

A

Early pubic hair
Irregular/absent periods
Hirsutism
Acne

24
Q

How are amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea investigated?

A

Preg test
TFTs
FSH/LH/Pro/Test levels
USS

25
Q

Which drug can be used to induce ovulation in PCOS?

A

Metformin

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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