Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Development of oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

Growth of follicle (consisting of oocytes and support cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is atresia?

A

Loss of oogonia and oocytes by apoptosis-based process

Cell is resorbed following death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do ovaries produce?

A

Steroid hormones and gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the medulla of the ovary contain?

A

Loose connective tissue
Contorted arteries
Veins
Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary contain?

A 
Scattered ovarian follicles
Tunica albuginea (highly cellular connective tissue)
Germinal epithelium (cuboidal cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primordial follicle surrounded by?

A

Single layer of pre-granulosis cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes developing from primordial follicle to early primary follicle?

A

Outer granulosis cells thicken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What changes developing from the early to late primary follicle?

A

Granulosis cells proliferate and lay down the zona pellucida

Layers split up and fill with fluid (becomes the antrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the layer on the outside of the late primary/secondary follicle called and what does it produce?

A

Theca layer

Produces pre-cursors of steroid which are converted to steroids by granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the oocyte attach to the mature Graafian follicle?

A

Cumulus oophorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the antrum of the mature Graafian follicle contain?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the oocyte is released from the follicle what do the granulosa cells become?

A

Corona radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Before it develops into the corpus luteum what is the “burst” follicle known as?

A

Corpus haemorrhagicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At age 20, approx. how many oocytes re-start meiosis per day compared to age 40?

A

15 compared to 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At which phase do the oocytes stop dividing before birth and stay in this phase for up to decades?

A

Prophase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs in the oocyte 1 day before ovulation?

A

Oocyte in the largest Graafian follicle with complete meiosis 1
Polar body produced will take the second, spare nucleus away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do theca and granulosa cells secrete to prepare uterus for implantation?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the corpus luteum become if there is no implantation of oocyte?

A

Corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

White coloured connective tissues which do not produce hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the corpus luteum preserved in the event of implantation?

A

Placenta secretes hCG to encourage corpus luteum production of gonadotrophin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the ampulla?

A

The end of the uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does fertilisation normally occur?

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which part of the uterine tube follows on from the ampulla?

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which part of the uterine tube follows on from the infundibulum?

A

Isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the lining of the isthmus of the uterine tube

A

Few cells thick

Secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the endometrium consist of?

A

Epithelium lined glands embedded in connective tissue stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What can the endometrium be split into?

A

Stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the role of the stratum basalis?

A

Reserve tissue which gives rise to the stratum functionalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the myometrium made up of?

A

Collagen and elastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the perimetrium made up of?

A

Loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

32
Q

Which hormone causes the stroma to proliferate in the endometrium?

A

Oestrogen

33
Q

What occurs in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Glands become coiled with corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

34
Q

What occurs during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Stratum functionalis arterioles contract
Results in tissue breakdown
SF sloughs off

35
Q

Describe the composition of the cervix

A

Mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Transitions to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

36
Q

What is a Nabothian cyst?

A

Mucous filled cyst on the cervix
Occur when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (toward the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (toward the uterus)

37
Q

What are the four layers of the vagina?

A

Non-keratinised squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
Fibromuscular
Adventitia

38
Q

Describe the composition of the lamina propria of the vagina

A

Connective tissue
Many elastic fibres
Thin walled blood vessels

39
Q

What is the role of glycogen during menstrual cycle?

A

Feeds commensal bacteria to inhibit growth of pathological bacteria

40
Q

What is the mon pubis?

A

Area of skin containing highly oblique hair follicles

Over a fat pad over the pubic symphysis

41
Q

What is the labia majora

A

Extensions of mons pubis that run laterally to the vagina

42
Q

Why types of glands are found in the labia majora?

A

Apocrine sweat glands

Sebaceous glands

43
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

Thick skin folds which lack subcut fat and hair follicles

44
Q

What type of epithelium is found at the labia minora?

A

Keratinised epithelium

45
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Two tubes of highly erectile vascular tissue

Very sensitive

46
Q

What covers the clitoris?

A

Fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin

47
Q

What do the lobes in the breast consist of? (non-lactating)

A

Compound tubulo-acinar glands which drain via ducts to the nipple

48
Q

How many lobes can be found in secretory breast tissue? (non-lactating)

A

15-25

49
Q

What type of tissue is found adjacent to the secretory lobules of the breast? (non-lactating)

A

Dense fibrous tissue

septae produces lobules

50
Q

Which muscle do the breasts sit immediately anterior to?

A

Pec major

51
Q

What are the suspensory ligaments?

A

Thicker condensations of connective tissue which extend from the dermis of the skin to the fascia on the anterior chest wall

52
Q

Why do some tumours cause puckering of the skin?

A

Put tension on the suspensory ligaments

53
Q

What is the TDLU?

A

Terminal duct lobular unit

Basic functional secretory unit of the breast

54
Q

What is found in the terminal duct lobular unit? (non-lactating)

A

Terminal ductules (acini) leading to intralobular collecting duct

(this then leads to lactiferous duct)

55
Q

What is the sinus produced by the lactiferous ducts termed?

A

Lactiferous sinus

56
Q

Which cells line the acini?

A

Secretory epithelial cells (both cuboidal and columnar)

57
Q

Which cells surround the secretory cells of the acini?

A

Myoepithelial cells

58
Q

What surrounds the myoepithelial cells of the acini?

A

Basal lamina

59
Q

Describe the epithelium of the nipple

A

Thin, highly pigmented keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

Describe the core of the nipple

A

Dense irregular connective tissue mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

61
Q

What type of gland can be found in the nipple?

A

Sebaceous

62
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the luteal phase of menstruation?

A

Epithelial cells increase in height
Lumina of the ducts enlarges
Small amount of secretions appear in the ducts

63
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the first trimester?

A

Elongation and branching of the smaller ducts
Proliferation of epithelial cells of glands
Proliferation of myoepithelial cells

64
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during second trimester?

A

Glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli

65
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the third trimester?

A

Secretory alveoli grow

Development of rough endoplasmic reticulum

66
Q

Which antibody is secreted in breast milk?

A

IgA

67
Q

Which hormones cause the proliferation of secretory tissue in the breast?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

68
Q

Which cells are said to have a “clock face nucleus” ?

A

Plasma cells

69
Q

Describe the composition of human milk?

A 
88% water
1.5% protein
7% carb
3.5% lipid 
Small quantities of ions, vitamins and IgA
70
Q

Which proteins are found in breast milk?

A

Lactalbumin and casein

71
Q

Which carbohydrate is mainly found in breast milk?

A

Lactose

72
Q

Which two mechanisms are used in secretion of milk?

A

Apocrine and merocrine secretion

73
Q

Describe apocrine secretion of breast milk lipids

A

Lipid droplets secreted surrounded by a small membrane which has a small amount of cytoplasm

74
Q

Describe merocrine secretion (exocytosis) of breast milk proteins

A

Proteins made in rER
Packaged in Golgi apparatus
Secreted via vesicle to merge with apical membrane and release contents into ducts

75
Q

What happens to the mammary glands following menopause?

A

TDLUs secretory cells degenerate
Fewer fibroblasts in connective tissue
Reduced collagen and elastic fibres

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions