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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > Cervical Disorders > Flashcards

Cervical Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peak age of diagnosis of cervical cancer?

A

25-29

80s

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2
Q

Which type of cancer are most cervical cancers?

A

SCC

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3
Q

Where are the most common sites of mets in cervical cancer?

A

Lung
Liver
Bone
Bowel

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4
Q

Which virus causes most cervical cancers?

A

HPV (16 and 18)

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5
Q

How do HPV types 18 and 16 predispose to cervical cancer?

A

Produce proteins which inhibit p53

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

Smoking
STI
Long term OCP use
Immunodeficiency

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7
Q

How does cervical cancer present?

A 
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Discharge
Dyspareunia
Pelvic pain
Weight loss
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8
Q

What examinations are performed in suspicion of cervical cancer?

A

Speculum
Bimanual
GI

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9
Q

How is suspected cervical cancer investigated?

A

STI screen
Coloscopy and biopsy
CT

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10
Q

Describe the stages of cervical cancer?

A

0 - CIS
1 - Confined in cervix
2 - beyond cervix, involves upper 2/3rd vagina
3 - Extends into pelvic side wall and lower vagina
4 - into bladder, rectum or distant organs

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11
Q

What is the gold standard treatment for stage 1-3 cervical cancer?

A

Chemo/radio

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12
Q

What is the follow up after treatment of cervical cancer?

A

Reviewed every 4 months for 2 years

Every 6-12 months for next 3 years

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13
Q

Cervical smear is no longer valid after radiotherapy

true/false?

A

True

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14
Q

What is a cervical ectropion?

A

Eversion of the endocervix which exposes columnar epithelium to vaginal canal

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15
Q

In which physiological scenarios is cervical ectropion commonly seen?

A

Adolescence
Pregnancy
OCP

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16
Q

Which cell type lines the endocervix?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

17
Q

Which cell type lines the ectocervix?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinising

18
Q

How does cervical ectropion present?

A

Asymptomatically

Sometimes, post-coital and intermenstrual bleeding and excessive discharge

19
Q

How is cervical ectropion investigated?

A

Pregnancy test
Triple swab
Cervical smear

20
Q

How is cervical ectropion managed?

A

None usually req’d
Stop oestrogen medications
Can ablate if especially symptomatic

21
Q

What are cervical polyps?

A

Benign growths protruding form inner surface of cervix

22
Q

What occurs to result in polyps?

A

Hyperplasia of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix

23
Q

Which groups are more likely to get cervical polyps?

A

Multigravidae

50-60s

24
Q

How do cervical polyps present?

A

Asymptomatic

Some - abnormal vaginal bleeding

25
Q

What investigations should be done in polyps?

A

Swabs

Cervical smear

26
Q

How are cervical polyps managed?

A

Excise

27
Q

What are the common complications of polyp removal?

A

Infection
Haemorrhage
Uterine perforation

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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