Stimulants Flashcards
Tx of psychotic state brought on by stimulant toxicity
first generation antipsychotic like haloperidol
Doing this makes stimulants more excretable in the urine
acidifying the urine (ammonium chloride)
Dependence and stimulants
primarily psychological
biological dependence is hotly debated, may cause depression Sx
2 appropriate medical uses of stimulants
ADHD
narcolepsy
Which has a longer half-life: cocaine or methamphetamine?
cocaine
Which is more potent: cocaine or methamphetamine?
cocaine
How does cocaine cause motor Sx?
blocking NE reuptake
How does cocaine cause euphoria?
blocking DA reuptake
Is cocaine dependence psychological or physical?
primarily psychological
Biggest worry with stimulant overdose
cardiac arrythmias
What is MDMA?
ecstacy–Molly is purer form
MDMA inhibits the reuptake and stimulates the release of
dopamine
NE
Epi
This drug is used to make PTSD patients more empathetic (or is being tested anyways)
MDMA
This directly stimulates 5HT2-1A receptors
MDMA
Why does MDMA also affect mood?
stimulates seratonin release and blocks reuptake
What is MDMA derived from?
amphetamines
Bath salts
completely synthetic amphetamine-like substances
Biggest example of xanthine
caffeine + theophylline
How do xanthines affect the heart?
direct stimulation
increases stroke volume and rate = increased CO
What effect do xanthines have an skeletal muscle?
increase work capacity
What is the mechanism of action of xanthines?
unknown
may cause translation of intracellular Ca2+
How much caffeine is toxic?
10 g
Therapeutic use of caffeine
migraines
How does caffeine affect respirations?
affects medullary center, increases RR
How do large does of caffeine affect the spinal cord?
hyperreflexia
Modafininil and armodafinil MOA
increase DA in striatum and nucleus accumbens
Modafininil and armodafinil therapeutic uses
narcolpesy
shift work sleep disorder
excesssive daytime sleepiness for sleep apnea
