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Neuro Block 5-RG > Cerebrovascular Diseases > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What causes global cerebral ischemia?

A

hypotension

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2
Q

Mild global cerebral ischemia Sx

A

transient confusion

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3
Q

Severe global central ischemia Sx

A

persistent vegetative state or brain death

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4
Q

Which cell type is most susceptible to hypoxic damage?

A

neurons

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5
Q

What are watershed areas?

A

areas between major artery supplies, most susceptible to global cerebral ischemia

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6
Q

Red neurons

A

dead neurons

usually after infarction

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7
Q

Gray-white demarcation loss

A

after global cerebral ischemia

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8
Q

What is the difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic infarcts?

A

hemorrhagic often arise from heart, embolus usually moves and reprofusion occurs –> hemorrhage

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9
Q

What are shower emboli?

A

cause punctate hemorrhages, usually come from heart

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10
Q

Ischemic infarcts

A

arise from atherosclerotic plaque

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11
Q

Hemorrhagic infarcts

A

repurfusion injury after thrombus moves. repurfusion causes previously blocked vessels to rupture

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12
Q

tPA in hemorrhagic infarcts

A

not given

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13
Q

When can you see red neurons?

A

about 12 hr.

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14
Q

Lacunar infarcts

A

caused by hypertension, causes sclerosis to build up (very small)

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15
Q

Slit hemorrhages

A

hypertension causes rupture of small vessels

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16
Q

What does a hemosiderin stain reveal?

A

slit hemorrhage blood

17
Q

What causes acute hypertensive encephalopathy?

A

malignant hypertension

18
Q

What type of hypertension is just plain “nasty”?

A

malignant hypertension

19
Q

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms

A

caused by hypertension, leads to parenchymal hemorrhage

20
Q

What size is a berry aneurysm when you really need to worry about it rupturing?

A

1 cm

21
Q

How many 1 cm berry aneurysms rupture each year?

A

50% / year

22
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhages have 30% mortality, with survivors possibly having this complication of recovery

A

vasospastic injury and hydrocephalus

Neuro Block 5-RG (17 decks)

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