Stem Cells Flashcards
Stem cells
Cells that have the potential to become different types of body cells
Proliferation
Cell replication by mitosis
Differentiation
Process which cells develop the special characteristics that commit them to a certain function
Totipotent stem cells
Able to give rise to an entire organism and assosiated extraembryonic membranes.
- source -> Morula
Pluripotent stem cells
Capable of giving tise to most tissues of an organism. - source ->Embyonic stem cells harvest from 4-6 day old blastocyst
Multipotent stem cells / Adult stem cells
Cells are commited to give rise to cells that have specific functions.
- Source-> Brain, bone marrow, blood, muscle etc
Adult stem cells are derived from body tissues
Are capable of self renewal. Committed to forming cell types of tissue/organ they are found. repair/replace tissues they originate in
Placental coord blood stem cells
Type of adult stem cells that can become any blood cell found in body (red,white, platelet)
Cell reprogramming
Some non-pluripotent cells can be reprogrammed to act as stem cells
Two methods for cell reprogramming
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
AKA therapeutic cloning. Nucleus removed from egg, Diploid nucleus from normal body cell put in egg cytoplasm. Forms a embryo
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Derived from skin/blood cells that have been reprogrammed to a embryonic pluripotent state that develops unlimited source of human cells.
