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Human Biology > Inherritance > Flashcards

Inherritance Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genes

A

A section of a chromosome that is responsible for determining a trait of an individual

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2
Q

Alleles

A

Alternate forms of a gene hair colour, eye colour etcq

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3
Q

Homologous pair

A

Matching pair of chromosomes

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4
Q

Genotype

A

The alleles the individual has in there genome

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5
Q

Genome

A

haploid set of chromosomes

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6
Q

Phenotype

A

Appearance of genes

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7
Q

Dominant Allel

A

always experessed in the individual (Uppercase)

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8
Q

Recessive Allel

A

Will be masked (Lower case)

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9
Q

Co dominant

A

Both alleles equally dominant (two uppercase)

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10
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Expressed in a blended way

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

Two of the same allels - pure breeding

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12
Q

Heterozygous

A

Individual has two different alleles - not pure breeding

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13
Q

Autosomes

A

Non sex chromosomes - 22 pairs.

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14
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Inability of cells to synthesis a functional enzyme that breaks down amino acid phenylalanine. On chromosome 12

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15
Q

Albinism

A

Recessive allele codes for non functional enzyme that works in skin cells to synthesis melanin

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16
Q

Huntingtons disease

A

Results in the death of brain cells. Chromosome 4

17
Q

Sex linked inheritance

A

X & Y chromosomes

18
Q

Sex chromosomes (Female)

A

Female recieve two alleles - maternal and paternal

19
Q

Sex chromosomes (Male)

A

One maternal allel, and one paternal - Y

20
Q

Colour Blindness

A

Located on x chromosome that encodes for photopigment protien. Distinguish between different colours.

21
Q

Haemophilia

A

Disease that is caused by faulty protien involved in blood clotting.

22
Q

Pedigrees

A

‘Family tree’ that shows genetic conditiosn - male and females are represented as different symbols and affect people shaded.

Human Biology (12 decks)

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