Inherritance Flashcards
Genes
A section of a chromosome that is responsible for determining a trait of an individual
Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene hair colour, eye colour etcq
Homologous pair
Matching pair of chromosomes
Genotype
The alleles the individual has in there genome
Genome
haploid set of chromosomes
Phenotype
Appearance of genes
Dominant Allel
always experessed in the individual (Uppercase)
Recessive Allel
Will be masked (Lower case)
Co dominant
Both alleles equally dominant (two uppercase)
Incomplete dominance
Expressed in a blended way
Homozygous
Two of the same allels - pure breeding
Heterozygous
Individual has two different alleles - not pure breeding
Autosomes
Non sex chromosomes - 22 pairs.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Inability of cells to synthesis a functional enzyme that breaks down amino acid phenylalanine. On chromosome 12
Albinism
Recessive allele codes for non functional enzyme that works in skin cells to synthesis melanin
Huntingtons disease
Results in the death of brain cells. Chromosome 4
Sex linked inheritance
X & Y chromosomes
Sex chromosomes (Female)
Female recieve two alleles - maternal and paternal
Sex chromosomes (Male)
One maternal allel, and one paternal - Y
Colour Blindness
Located on x chromosome that encodes for photopigment protien. Distinguish between different colours.
Haemophilia
Disease that is caused by faulty protien involved in blood clotting.
Pedigrees
‘Family tree’ that shows genetic conditiosn - male and females are represented as different symbols and affect people shaded.
