Digestion

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Any substance required for the body for its metabolism

Question 2

Nutrients include..

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, vitamins, minerals

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Sugars and Starches

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

Single sugar Molecules

Question 5

Disaccharides

Answer 5

Two linked sugar molecules

Question 6

POlysaccharides

Answer 6

Many Linked sugar molecules

Question 7

Monosaccharide sugars

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

Question 8

Disaccharide sugars

Answer 8

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 9

Polysaccharide Sugars

Answer 9

Starch, Glycogen

Question 10

Rich in starch..

Answer 10

Bread, pastry, pasta, rice

Question 11

Rich in Sugar

Answer 11

Cake, biscuits, lollies

Question 12

Protiens def

Answer 12

Building blocks of Amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 13

Complete Protiens

Answer 13

Animal Protiens, meat, eggs

Question 14

Incomplete protiens

Answer 14

Plant Protiens, grains, legumes

Question 15

Protien Rich food

Answer 15

Dairy foods, eggs, lean meats, soy milk beans

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Fats and Oils

Question 17

Monoglyceride

Answer 17

Glycerol + 1 FA

Question 18

Diglyceride

Answer 18

Glycerol + 2 FA

Question 19

Triglycerides

Answer 19

Glycerol + 3 FA

Question 20

Low density Lipids

Answer 20

Carry cholesterol from liver to tissues

Question 21

High density Lipids

Answer 21

Collect cholesterol from tisses to bring back to liver

Question 22

Lipid Rich foods

Answer 22

Dairy food, pastry, fried foods, oily fish, avos.

Question 23

Vitamins

Answer 23

Water or fat soluable. 13 known vitamins

Question 24

Vitamin B & C

Answer 24

Water soluable - easily excreted

Question 25

Vitamin A, D, E , K

Answer 25

Fat soluable - abosrbed from gut

Question 26

Dietary minerals

Answer 26

Inorganic substances required by living organisms for their metabolism

Question 27

Macrominerals substances

Answer 27

Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, P, S, Cl - required in large amounds

Question 28

Trace Minerals

Answer 28

Cu, Cr- required in small amounts

Question 29

Chemical Digestion in mouth

Answer 29

Enzyme=Salivary amalayse, product = polysaccharides

Question 30

Main functions of saliva

Answer 30

lubricates mouth, dissolves food, holds food together, rinses teeth, destroys bacteria, contains salivary amalayse.

Question 31

Mechanical Digestion in mouth

Answer 31

Action of teeth chewing - mastication

Question 32

Types of teeth & function

Answer 32

Incisors for biting, canines for tearing, pemolars and molars for crushing and grinding

Question 33

Dental Formula

Answer 33

2123/2123

Question 34

Swallowing

Answer 34

Bolus is pushed towards pharynx. Passes down oesophagus into stomach

Question 35

Peristalsis

Answer 35

Wave like motion caused by contraction/relaxation of curcular muscles

Question 36

Structure of alimentary tube

Answer 36

4 layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

Question 37

Stomach entry and exit

Answer 37

Cardiac sphincter prevents backflow. Pyloric sphicter separates stomach from duodenum

Question 38

Mechanical digestion in stomach

Answer 38

Has oblique muscle layer to contract in variety of ways. - creats churning

Question 39

Gastric pits

Answer 39

Gastric juice secreted by gastric glands found in gastric pits

Question 40

HCL and bateria

Answer 40

HCL creats acid environment for enzyme pepsin to work & also kills bacteria entering stomach

Question 41

Large intestine

Answer 41

1.5 metres long that secretes mucous. Water absorption occurs

Question 42

Faeces

Answer 42

Semi-solid material made up of undigested food material, bacteria, bile pigments, discarded lining cells and water

Question 43

Defaecation

Answer 43

Elimination of undigested wastes from large inestine

Question 44

Cellulouse

Answer 44

Insoluable polysaccharide - Fibre. Stimulates regular peristalsis

Question 45

Bowel Disease

Answer 45

Constipation leads to development of haemorrhoids

Question 46

Diarrhoea

Answer 46

Frequent elimination of watery faeces. Caused by food of bacteria/viruses.

Question 47

Bowel Cancer

Answer 47

A colostomy provides alternative route if sections are removed

Question 48

Obese

Answer 48

Weight is more than 20% above than reconmended/ bmi is greater than 30

Question 49

BMI formula

Answer 49

kg/m2