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Human Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nutrients

A

Any substance required for the body for its metabolism

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2
Q

Nutrients include..

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, vitamins, minerals

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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and Starches

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4
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Single sugar Molecules

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5
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two linked sugar molecules

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6
Q

POlysaccharides

A

Many Linked sugar molecules

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7
Q

Monosaccharide sugars

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

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8
Q

Disaccharide sugars

A

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

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9
Q

Polysaccharide Sugars

A

Starch, Glycogen

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10
Q

Rich in starch..

A

Bread, pastry, pasta, rice

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11
Q

Rich in Sugar

A

Cake, biscuits, lollies

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12
Q

Protiens def

A

Building blocks of Amino acids joined by peptide bonds

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13
Q

Complete Protiens

A

Animal Protiens, meat, eggs

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14
Q

Incomplete protiens

A

Plant Protiens, grains, legumes

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15
Q

Protien Rich food

A

Dairy foods, eggs, lean meats, soy milk beans

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16
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and Oils

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17
Q

Monoglyceride

A

Glycerol + 1 FA

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18
Q

Diglyceride

A

Glycerol + 2 FA

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19
Q

Triglycerides

A

Glycerol + 3 FA

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20
Q

Low density Lipids

A

Carry cholesterol from liver to tissues

21
Q

High density Lipids

A

Collect cholesterol from tisses to bring back to liver

22
Q

Lipid Rich foods

A

Dairy food, pastry, fried foods, oily fish, avos.

23
Q

Vitamins

A

Water or fat soluable. 13 known vitamins

24
Q

Vitamin B & C

A

Water soluable - easily excreted

25
Q

Vitamin A, D, E , K

A

Fat soluable - abosrbed from gut

26
Q

Dietary minerals

A

Inorganic substances required by living organisms for their metabolism

27
Q

Macrominerals substances

A

Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, P, S, Cl - required in large amounds

28
Q

Trace Minerals

A

Cu, Cr- required in small amounts

29
Q

Chemical Digestion in mouth

A

Enzyme=Salivary amalayse, product = polysaccharides

30
Q

Main functions of saliva

A

lubricates mouth, dissolves food, holds food together, rinses teeth, destroys bacteria, contains salivary amalayse.

31
Q

Mechanical Digestion in mouth

A

Action of teeth chewing - mastication

32
Q

Types of teeth & function

A

Incisors for biting, canines for tearing, pemolars and molars for crushing and grinding

33
Q

Dental Formula

A

2123/2123

34
Q

Swallowing

A

Bolus is pushed towards pharynx. Passes down oesophagus into stomach

35
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like motion caused by contraction/relaxation of curcular muscles

36
Q

Structure of alimentary tube

A

4 layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

37
Q

Stomach entry and exit

A

Cardiac sphincter prevents backflow. Pyloric sphicter separates stomach from duodenum

38
Q

Mechanical digestion in stomach

A

Has oblique muscle layer to contract in variety of ways. - creats churning

39
Q

Gastric pits

A

Gastric juice secreted by gastric glands found in gastric pits

40
Q

HCL and bateria

A

HCL creats acid environment for enzyme pepsin to work & also kills bacteria entering stomach

41
Q

Large intestine

A

1.5 metres long that secretes mucous. Water absorption occurs

42
Q

Faeces

A

Semi-solid material made up of undigested food material, bacteria, bile pigments, discarded lining cells and water

43
Q

Defaecation

A

Elimination of undigested wastes from large inestine

44
Q

Cellulouse

A

Insoluable polysaccharide - Fibre. Stimulates regular peristalsis

45
Q

Bowel Disease

A

Constipation leads to development of haemorrhoids

46
Q

Diarrhoea

A

Frequent elimination of watery faeces. Caused by food of bacteria/viruses.

47
Q

Bowel Cancer

A

A colostomy provides alternative route if sections are removed

48
Q

Obese

A

Weight is more than 20% above than reconmended/ bmi is greater than 30

49
Q

BMI formula

A

kg/m2

Human Biology (12 decks)

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