Circulatory System

Question 1

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 1

Sequence of events that occurs in one compleate beat of the heart

Question 2

Diastolic stage

Answer 2

Relaxation to refill with blood

Question 3

Systolic

Answer 3

Contraction of ventricles to pump blood

Question 4

Arial and Ventricular Distole

Answer 4

Left and Right A/V valves are open. Atria & ventricles relaxed. Blood flows into L & R atria vefrom v/c and PV into ventricle.

Question 5

Atrial Systole

Answer 5

Atria contact, forcing any remaining blood into ventricles

Question 6

Ventricular Systole

Answer 6

Atria relax and start to refil. L&R A/V valves are closed by semi-lunar v alves of PA and aorta are open. Ventricles contract forcin blood through the PA and aorta. Semi lunar valves close

Question 7

Heart Sound

Answer 7

Lubb & Dubb

Question 8

Cardiac Output

Answer 8

Amount of blood leaving ventricles every minute

Question 9

Blood Vessles

Answer 9

Arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

Carry blood away from heart. Under high pressure. Mostly carry oxygenated blood

Question 11

Artery Structure

Answer 11

Tunica intima (lining), Tinica Media (middle), Tunica externa ( outside)

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

Carry blood towards the heart. Blood under low pressure. Mostly carry deoxygenated blood

Question 13

Vein Structure

Answer 13

THin enelastic walls allowing skeletal muscle to squash them & valves to rpevent backflow

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Small blood vessles that are 1 cell thick (no 3 tunicas). Carry blood close to cell to deliver nutrients

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

55% of blood volume - 91% water. Other 9% is dissolved substances transported in blood

Question 16

Erythrocytes

Answer 16

Red blood cells. 5 million per 1ml of blood. Increased SA due to lack of mitochondira & nucleus to transport oxygen and carbon

Question 17

Leucocytes

Answer 17

White blood cells. 6/7000 per 1ml of blood. Very large nucleus. protects body from pathogens

Question 18

Thrombocytes

Answer 18

Cell fragments 1/3 size of R.B.C. lack nucleus and has crucial role in blood coagulation

Question 19

Transport of gases

Answer 19

3% is carried as dissolved oxygen - 97% carried in oxyhemoglobin

Question 20

Oxygen gas exchange

Answer 20

Oxyhaemoglobin breaks down back into oxygen & haemoglobin near body cells so they can take the oxygen via diffusion

Question 21

Carbon Dioxide gas exchange

Answer 21

Haemoglobin carrying CO2 is called CarbaminoHaemoglobin. Mostly carred as bicarbonate ion

Question 22

Coagulation Process step 1

Answer 22

Damaged blood vessel cell released Adenosine diphosphate which attract platelets and clumps them together. - Platelet plug

Question 23

Coagualtion Process Step 2

Answer 23

Platelets mix with collagen and release more ADP nad release platelet factors - initiate coagulation

Question 24

Coagulation Process step 3

Answer 24

Enzyme Thrombin converts fibinogen to fibrin which forms a network with erythrocutes to form a clot

Question 25

Haemophilia

Answer 25

Iniability of the blood to properly coagulate due to lack of a coagulation factor

Question 26

Anti coagulants

Answer 26

Prevents blood clotting - Heparin & warfarin

Question 27

Blood groups

Answer 27

Group A,B,AB & O

Question 28

Lymphatic System

Answer 28

Blind ended tubes that collect excess intercellular fluid.

Question 29

Lymphoedema

Answer 29

Lymph vessle becomes blocked and unable to move fluid away from tissues.