DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribosenucleic Acid

Question 2

Chromatin

Answer 2

Coiled DNA Network

Question 3

Histones

Answer 3

Protiens DNA tightly coiles around eight protiens for storage.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Organelles in Cytosol where energy is prouced

Question 5

Double Helix

Answer 5

2 DNA strans in a twisted spiral shape

Question 6

Nucleotides

Answer 6

Units of DNA molecule

Question 7

Nucleotide compontents

Answer 7

Deoxyribose (sugar) molecule, phosphate group and nitrogen base

Question 8

“A” Nitrogen base

Answer 8

Adenine

Question 9

T Nitrogen Base

Answer 9

Thymine

Question 10

C Nitrogen Base

Answer 10

Cytosine

Question 11

G Nitrogen Base

Answer 11

Guanine

Question 12

Chromosome

Answer 12

One molecule of tightly coiled DNA

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

Section of DNA with a sequence of nitrogeneous bases that codes for a protien

Question 14

Histone

Answer 14

Protien DNA wraps around to protect/organise it

Question 15

Nucleosome

Answer 15

Length of DNA wrapped around 8 histone protiens

Question 16

Dna Replication

Answer 16

Formation of DNA molecules identical to original molecule. Occurs when cell devides

Question 17

Main steps to dna Replication

Answer 17

Enzyme Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds. DNA polymerase binds to each strand of DNA to provide template. DNA polymerase ads complementary nucleotides.

Question 18

DNA replication

Answer 18

The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original dna molecule

Question 19

Gene

Answer 19

Section of DNA that containes a sequence of bases that create a protien

Question 20

Genetic Code

Answer 20

Set of rules by which isformation encoded within genetic material is translate into protiens

Question 21

Transcription

Answer 21

Process where mRNA is formed using the code from a DNA molecule

Question 22

Translation

Answer 22

Synthesis of protien using infomation that is coded in the mRNA

Question 23

Types of RNA in protien Synthesis

Answer 23

Messenger RNA & Transfer RNA

Question 24

Messanger RNA

Answer 24

Formed in the nucleus using DNA code and moves to cytoplasim and binds to a ribosome

Question 25

Transfer RNA

Answer 25

Located in Cytoplasm. brings amino acids to the ribosome during protien synthesis

Question 26

Codon

Answer 26

3 bases on the mRNA

Question 27

Epigenethics

Answer 27

The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression

Question 28

DNA methhylation

Answer 28

Addition of a methl group to a cytosine which causes DNA to condense. Prevents transcription

Question 29

Histone Acetylation

Answer 29

Addition of an acetyl group to histone protien tail. Histone becomes neagative and repels DNA. DNA will loosen and becomes accessible to transcription

Question 30

Deacetylation

Answer 30

Acetyl group is removed. DNA is attracted to Histone and is not accessible to transcription factors

Question 31

Cell Devision

Answer 31

Process where parent cell evides into two daughter cells

Question 32

Mitosis

Answer 32

Occurs in somatic cells, producing cells w/ a diploid number of chromosomes

Question 33

Meiosis

Answer 33

Occurs in sex organs and produces sex cells with haploid number of chromosomes

Question 34

Cell Cycle in Eukaryotes

Answer 34

Interphase, M-pHase

Question 35

M-Phase

Answer 35

Consisting of Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 36

First gap Phase (G1)

Answer 36

Cell increases inside and makes the mRNA and protiens needed for S phase

Question 37

Synthesis (s)

Answer 37

The Cell duplicates its genetic material

Question 38

Second Gap Phase (G2)

Answer 38

Nucleus is well defined, rapid cell growth and protien synthesis. Prepares for Mitosis

Question 39

Interphase key points

Answer 39

- DNA visable as chromatin - DNA Is replicated - Centriols replicate - Nuclear membrane still intact - Rapid cell grown and protien synthesis (eg helicase, histones, polymerase)

Question 40

Prophase key points

Answer 40

- Nuclear membrane disappears - Chromatin condenses into Chromosomes (which have duplicated) - 2 sister chromatids are joined at the centromere - Centrioles start moving to opposite poles - Spindle Forms

Question 41

Metaphase

Answer 41

- Chromosomes line up to the equator of the cell | - Spindle fibers attach to each centromere on chromosomes

Question 42

Anaphase

Answer 42

- Spindle fibers retract to pull sister chromatis apart - Becoming distinct chromosomes at poles of cell - Cell elongates

Question 43

Telophase

Answer 43

- There is now a ful lset of chromosomes at each end of the cell - Spindle dissapears - Nucleus forms around chromosomes - End of telophase marks cytokinesis