Status epilepticus Flashcards

1
Q

define status epilepticus?

A

single continuous seizure ≥ 5 minutes

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2
Q

is it a medical emergency?

A

yes

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3
Q

deficiency in which vitamin can cause status epilepticus?

A

Thiamine deficient

Thiamine is a natural anti-convulsant

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4
Q

which electrolyte abnormality can cause status epilepticus?
-2

why?
-2

A

hyponatremia
hypocalcaemia

hyponatremia causes cerebral oedema
hypocalcaemia paradoxically increases neuronal excitability

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5
Q

which drink can cause status epilepticus?

why?

A

alcohol

↑alcohol –> hypoglycaemia –> influx Na+ K+ into brain cells –> brain osmolality [] –> cerebral oedema –> seizure

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6
Q

which compound in coffee increases risk of status epilepticus?

A

caffeine

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7
Q

which drug used in COPD increases risk of status epilepticus?

A

theophylline

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8
Q

RF for status epilepticus?

A

Epilepsy
Children or elderly
Poor compliance with anti-epileptic meds -most common cause
Alcoholism
Rec drugs, cocaine
Previous neuronal injury: head trauma, stroke, haemorrhage, brain tumour
Electrolyte imbalances

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9
Q

which age groups are risk factors for status epilepticus?

A

Children or elderly

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10
Q

symptoms and signs of status epilepticus?

-6

A
Tonic-clonic seizure 
Tongue biting 
lip smacking
Urinary incontinence 
Lose consciousness 
Post-ictal
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11
Q

Complications of status epilepticus?

A
Aspiration pneumonia – swallowed saliva 
Cardiac arrhythmias 
Cardiac arrests 
Rhabdomyolysis - renal failure 
Hypoglycaemia 
Cerebral oedema
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12
Q

heart complications of status epilepticus?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

Cardiac arrests

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13
Q

endocrine complications of status epilepticus?

-1

A

Hypoglycaemia

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14
Q

after status epilepticus has stopped what Ix do you do on pt and why/what are you looking for?
-5

A

ECG – cardiac arrhythmias
ABG – metabolic acidosis with raise lactate
Metabolic screen – electrolyte and glucose levels
U&E - electrolyte levels
LFT
FBC

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15
Q

homeless person comes with status epilepticus.

what extra Ix would do here?

what you looking for?

A

Toxicology screen – alcohol, cocaine

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16
Q

1st line acute Mx for status epilepticus.

A

ABCDE

17
Q

what drug do you give to pt having status epilepticus in a non-hospital setting?

  • 2 named drugs
  • routes
A

Rectal diazepam

or buccal midazolam

18
Q

what drug do you give 1st line to pt having status epilepticus in the hospital?

  • name
  • route
A

lorazepam

IV

19
Q

pt in hospital with ongoing status epilepticus.

(1st line drug did not help.)

what drugs do you try now?
-2

group of these drugs?

A

Phenytoin or
Phenobarbital

anticonvulsants

20
Q

pt has refractory status epilepticus (all meds been tried and failed).

who do you refer to now?

what will they do?
-3 main things

A

call anaesthetist

General anaesthesia for 12-24hours
With intubation & EEG monitoring

21
Q

pt having status epilepticus due to excess alcohol drinking.

what extra things would give to this pt?
-2

A
IV Pabrinex(B1) &
glucose
22
Q

status epilepticus mortality rate?

A

3%

23
Q

phenytoin moa?

A

Na+ channel blocker

24
Q

Phenobarbital moa?

A

stimulates GABA receptors

25
Q
in terms of Mx what does the acronym 
O
M
L
P
A
stand for?
A
O – o2 
M – midazolam 
L – lorazepam 
P – phenytoin 
A – anaesthetist