case 6 Flashcards
pick’s disease is also known as?
frontotemporal dementia
which lobes of brain are effected by pick’s disease?
-2
frontal and temporal
key feature of pick’s disease?
personality changes
which memory type is preserved in amnesia?
which two memory types are effected in amnesia?
procedural
episodic and semantic
valleys in brain are called what?
sulci
which sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobe of brain?
- 2 names
lateral sulcus or
sylvian fissure
ACA supplies what parts of the brain?
front of the brain
MCA supplies what parts of the brain?
sides of brain
PCA supplies what parts of the brain?
back of brain
flow of CSF
LV –> via interventricular foramen to 3rd ventricle –> via cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle –> subarachnoid space –> reabsorbed by arachnoid villi
where is CSF made mainly?
lateral ventricles
what brain structure encodes new memories?
hippocampus
what brain structure is involved in aggression, rage and PTSD?
amygdala
5 structures of the limbic system?
amygdala hippocampus thalamus hypothalamus cingulate gyrus.
nuclei are grey or white matter?
grey matter
tracts are grey or white matter?
white matter
a nuclei in the brain is literally what?
cluster of cell bodies
which cells do myelination in the brain?
ogligodendrocytes
which cells do myelination in the PNS?
schwann cells
which cells are involved in BBB, synapse foramtion and neurogenesis?
astrocytes
abnormal increase in number of astrocytes is called what?
astrogliosis
which cells are the immune system of the brain?
microglia
which brain cell is star shaped?
astrocytes
which brain cell is located near the synapse and regulates calcium levels?
astrocytes
which cells in the brain are ciliated and cuboidal in shape?
ependymal cells
which cells in the brain make CSF?
ependymal cells
major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
glutamate
major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
GABA
which neurotransmitters are the monoamines?
-3
Da
5HT
Noradrenaline
what are the 4 long term memory categories?
semantic
episodic
procedural
classically conditioned
what value is Miller’s magic number?
7
what is the central executive responsible for?
where is the central executive located in the brain?
working memory
pre-frontal cortex
the phonological loop is comprised of what two brain areas?
broca’s
wernicke’s
what links working memory to long-term memory?
episodic buffer
what is Ribot’s Law?
damage typically spares remote memory and impairs more recent memory
damage to frontal lobe leads to exaugurated results in what test?
stoop test
which part of the brain changes with age first?
frontal lobe
normal MOCA score?
> 26
usual MOCA score for someone with mild cognitive impairment?
22
usual MOCA score for someone with Alzheimer’s?
16
define longitudinal study?
look at one group throughout their life
define cross-sectional study?
look at different groups at different ages at one point in time.
which brain lobe changes first with old age?
frontal lobe
what happens to brain processing speed with age?
slows down
which is the only memory type that improves with age?
semantic
which is the only brain region that increases with age?
ventricles
which brain region shrinks most rapidly with age?
frontal lobe
what happens to hippocampus size with age?
decreases
which neurotransmitter is involved in memory making?
AcH
define Alzheimer’s dementia?
impaired memory + one other cognitive ability impaired (e.g. language, judgement, perception, planning)
which gene if mutated is a risk factor for dementia?
what chromosome is it on?
APOE4
chromosome 21
which proteins build in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients?
B amyloid peptide
Tau protein
which type of memory is affect most severely in Alzheimer’s?
episodic
which proteins build in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients?
which of these proteins build inside the cell and which outside the cells?
B amyloid peptide - extracellularly
Tau protein - intracellularly
dementia affects what part of the brain?
medial temporal lobe
hippocampus is where in the brain?
medial temporal lobe
episodic memory if effected first with Alzheimer’s,
as the Alzheimer’s progresses can other memory types be effected also?
yes
