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Neurology > case 6 > Flashcards

case 6 Flashcards

1
Q

pick’s disease is also known as?

A

frontotemporal dementia

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2
Q

which lobes of brain are effected by pick’s disease?

-2

A

frontal and temporal

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3
Q

key feature of pick’s disease?

A

personality changes

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4
Q

which memory type is preserved in amnesia?

which two memory types are effected in amnesia?

A

procedural

episodic and semantic

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5
Q

valleys in brain are called what?

A

sulci

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6
Q

which sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobe of brain?
- 2 names

A

lateral sulcus or

sylvian fissure

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7
Q

ACA supplies what parts of the brain?

A

front of the brain

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8
Q

MCA supplies what parts of the brain?

A

sides of brain

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9
Q

PCA supplies what parts of the brain?

A

back of brain

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10
Q

flow of CSF

A

LV –> via interventricular foramen to 3rd ventricle –> via cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle –> subarachnoid space –> reabsorbed by arachnoid villi

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11
Q

where is CSF made mainly?

A

lateral ventricles

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12
Q

what brain structure encodes new memories?

A

hippocampus

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13
Q

what brain structure is involved in aggression, rage and PTSD?

A

amygdala

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14
Q

5 structures of the limbic system?

A 
amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus
hypothalamus
cingulate gyrus.
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15
Q

nuclei are grey or white matter?

A

grey matter

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16
Q

tracts are grey or white matter?

A

white matter

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17
Q

a nuclei in the brain is literally what?

A

cluster of cell bodies

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18
Q

which cells do myelination in the brain?

A

ogligodendrocytes

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19
Q

which cells do myelination in the PNS?

A

schwann cells

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20
Q

which cells are involved in BBB, synapse foramtion and neurogenesis?

A

astrocytes

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21
Q

abnormal increase in number of astrocytes is called what?

A

astrogliosis

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22
Q

which cells are the immune system of the brain?

A

microglia

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23
Q

which brain cell is star shaped?

A

astrocytes

24
Q

which brain cell is located near the synapse and regulates calcium levels?

A

astrocytes

25
Q

which cells in the brain are ciliated and cuboidal in shape?

A

ependymal cells

26
Q

which cells in the brain make CSF?

A

ependymal cells

27
Q

major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

glutamate

28
Q

major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

GABA

29
Q

which neurotransmitters are the monoamines?

-3

A

Da
5HT
Noradrenaline

30
Q

what are the 4 long term memory categories?

A

semantic
episodic
procedural
classically conditioned

31
Q

what value is Miller’s magic number?

A

7

32
Q

what is the central executive responsible for?

where is the central executive located in the brain?

A

working memory

pre-frontal cortex

33
Q

the phonological loop is comprised of what two brain areas?

A

broca’s

wernicke’s

34
Q

what links working memory to long-term memory?

A

episodic buffer

35
Q

what is Ribot’s Law?

A

damage typically spares remote memory and impairs more recent memory

36
Q

damage to frontal lobe leads to exaugurated results in what test?

A

stoop test

37
Q

which part of the brain changes with age first?

A

frontal lobe

38
Q

normal MOCA score?

A

> 26

39
Q

usual MOCA score for someone with mild cognitive impairment?

A

22

40
Q

usual MOCA score for someone with Alzheimer’s?

A

16

41
Q

define longitudinal study?

A

look at one group throughout their life

42
Q

define cross-sectional study?

A

look at different groups at different ages at one point in time.

43
Q

which brain lobe changes first with old age?

A

frontal lobe

44
Q

what happens to brain processing speed with age?

A

slows down

45
Q

which is the only memory type that improves with age?

A

semantic

46
Q

which is the only brain region that increases with age?

A

ventricles

47
Q

which brain region shrinks most rapidly with age?

A

frontal lobe

48
Q

what happens to hippocampus size with age?

A

decreases

49
Q

which neurotransmitter is involved in memory making?

A

AcH

50
Q

define Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

impaired memory + one other cognitive ability impaired (e.g. language, judgement, perception, planning)

51
Q

which gene if mutated is a risk factor for dementia?

what chromosome is it on?

A

APOE4

chromosome 21

52
Q

which proteins build in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients?

A

B amyloid peptide

Tau protein

53
Q

which type of memory is affect most severely in Alzheimer’s?

A

episodic

54
Q

which proteins build in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients?

which of these proteins build inside the cell and which outside the cells?

A

B amyloid peptide - extracellularly

Tau protein - intracellularly

55
Q

dementia affects what part of the brain?

A

medial temporal lobe

56
Q

hippocampus is where in the brain?

A

medial temporal lobe

57
Q

episodic memory if effected first with Alzheimer’s,

as the Alzheimer’s progresses can other memory types be effected also?

A

yes

Neurology (40 decks)

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