Brain Tumours Flashcards
define glial cells?
neural cells that do not generate AP’s and have other functions.
aka for glial cells?
neuroglial cells
Oligodendrocyte
function of this cell?
Myelinate nerve
Microglia
function of this cell?
Macrophages of CNS
Ependymal
function of this cell?
Make CSF
Astrocytes
function of this cell? -6
By synapse
Regulates Ca2+
Makes BBB
Regulates K+, glutamate, Cl-
most common types of tumour in the brain?
Metastases
5 most common tumours that spread to the brain?
lung breast bowel skin kidney
most common tumour that spreads to the brain?
-1
lung
most common skin tumour that spreads to the brain?
melanoma
Most common 1° brain tumour?
glioblastoma
2nd most common 1° brain tumour?
meningioma
Tumour from 8th CN is called what?
-2 names
vestibular schwannoma aka acoustic schwannoma
Most common 1° brain tumour in kids?
pilocytic astrocytoma
Vestibular schwannoma is benign or cancerous?
benign
Vestibular schwannoma was previously termed what?
acoustic neuroma
Vestibular schwannoma arises from what nerve?
eighth cranial nerve
Vestibular schwannoma is oft seen in what angle?
cerebellopontine angle
Vestibular schwannoma presentation?
-3 main features
hearing loss, facial nerve palsy, tinnitus
why is there facial nerve palsy in vestibular schwannoma?
compression of the nearby facial nerve
Histology features of Vestibular schwannoma?
-2
Antoni A or B patterns
Verocay bodies
3 treatment routes for vestibular schwannoma?
the broad idea
observation, radiotherapy or surgery
The most common primary brain tumour in children?
pilocytic astrocytoma
Histology of pilocytic astrocytoma?
Rosenthal fibres
what is this brain tumour?
aggressive paediatric brain tumour that arises within the infratentorial compartment
medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma spreads through what system?
CSF system
2 treatment routes for medulloblastoma?
the broad idea
chemo or surgery
Histology of medulloblastoma?
Small, blue cells
which brain tumour is commonly seen in the 4th ventricle
ependymoma
Histology of ependymoma?
perivascular pseudorosette
which brain tumour may cause hydrocephalus?
ependymoma
what brain tumour is this?
Benign, slow-growing tumour common in the frontal lobes
oligodendroma
histology of oligodendroma?
Calcifications with ‘fried-egg’ appearance
Vascular tumour of the cerebellum is called what?
haemangioblastoma
Haemangioblastoma is associated with what syndrome?
Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Histology of haemangioblastoma?
foam cells and high vascularity
benign tumours of the pituitary gland are called what?
Pituitary adenomas
Pituitary adenoma has two types.
what are they?
secretory
or non-secretory
define secretory pituitary adenoma?
makes hormones in excess
name of surgery used for pituitary adenoma?
transsphenoidal resection
2 main Ix you need to order for pituitary adenoma?
pituitary blood profile and MRI
high ACTH will cause what syndrome?
Cushing’s
high GH will cause what syndrome?
acromegaly
Compression of the optic chiasm will cause what visual field defect?
bitemporal hemianopia
Most common paediatric supratentorial tumour is called what?
craniopharyngioma
craniopharyngioma derives from what pouch?
Rathke’s pouch
