Alcohol withdrawal, drug addiction

Question 1

How many grams of pure alcohol in one unit?

Answer 1

8g

Question 2

recommended units of alcohol per week?

Answer 2

14

Question 3

can you drink in pregnancy?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what syndrome can effect baby if you drink when pregnant?

Answer 4

foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 5

alcohol blocks absorption of what vitamin?

Answer 5

B1

Question 6

thiamine is what B vitamine?

Answer 6

B1

Question 7

asking about drink driving in a history falls under what category of history taking?

Answer 7

forensic history

Question 8

What is asked in forensic history?

-5

Answer 8

domestic abuse
drink driving
drunk & disorderly
fights
 harm
Othello’s syndrome

Question 9

paranoid belief about the certainty of your partner’s infidelity is known what?

Answer 9

Othello’s syndrome

Question 10

which LFT is high in an alcoholic?

Answer 10

↑ALT

Question 11

what does MCV stand for?

is MCV high or low in an alcoholic?

Answer 11

mean corpuscular volume

↑MCV

Question 12

a breathalyser measures what specifically?

Answer 12

ethanol

Question 13

MCV measures what exactly?

Answer 13

size of rbc

Question 14

is GABA inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 14

inhibitory

Question 15

is glutamate inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 15

excitatory

Question 16

chronic alcohol decreases levels of what major neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

if GABA is low the brain will want to increase which neurotransmitter?

is said neurotransmitter excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 17

glutamate

excitatory

Question 18

an alcoholic tries to quit and goes through alcoholic withdrawal.

which neurotransmitter is responsible for his symptoms?

is this neurotransmitter in high or low leves?

Answer 18

glutamate

high

Question 19

why is glutamate high in alcoholic?

Answer 19

to balance out high GABA from drinking

Question 20

hypercalcaemia is toxic to neurons.

true or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

high glutamate levels influx what ion into the neurons?

Answer 21

Ca2+

Question 22

what is the kindling effect?

Answer 22

when successive alcohol withdrawals have worse symptoms

Question 23

why does the kindling effect happen?

Answer 23

with each withdrawal some neurons die that do not recover, so with next withdrawal overall even more neurons have died.

Question 24

alcohol withdrawal symptoms after 6-12 hours?

-4

Answer 24

tremors
sweating
anxiety
tachycardia

Question 25

which symptoms peaks 36 hours after alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 25

seizures

Question 26

which symptoms peaks 48 - 72 hours after alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 26

delirium tremors

Question 27

what drug do you give for delirium tremors? | -name

Answer 27

diazepam

Question 28

ataxia, confusion & eye signs are a triad of what condition?

Answer 28

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 29

vivid hallucination, tremors, confusion are a triad of what form of alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 29

Delirium tremens

Question 30

mortality rate of Delirium tremens?

Answer 30

35%

Question 31

Wernicke encephalopathy can lead to permanent damage of what organ?

Answer 31

brain

Question 32

treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy? how long do you give this drug for?

Answer 32

pabrinex + Diazepam 5 days of pabrinex

Question 33

what does CIWA stand for?

Answer 33

clinical institute withdrawal assessment

Question 34

is CIWA done at home or hospital usually?

Answer 34

home

Question 35

how often does nurse check on you in CIWA?

Answer 35

every 90 minutes

Question 36

CIWA score of 11+ means what drug must be given? | -name

Answer 36

diazepam

Question 37

how long does CIWA take usually?

Answer 37

1-2 days

Question 38

how many CIWA scores of <11 are needed before you can stop treatment?

Answer 38

two

Question 39

what is the 1st line method to detox of alcohol?

Answer 39

CIWA

Question 40

what is the 2nd line method to detox of alcohol?

Answer 40

FIXED REDUCTION REGIME

Question 41

what major complication can occur with too much diazepam?

Answer 41

resp depression

Question 42

which drug makes you feel sick if you drink alcohol?

Answer 42

disulfiram

Question 43

which drug reduces desire to drink?

Answer 43

Acamprosate

Question 44

which drug maintains abstinence from not drinking, reduces pleasures & craving? moa of this drug?

Answer 44

Naltrexone stops Da release at nucleus accumbens

Question 45

which drug makes you feel sick when you drink alcohol? this drug increases what chemical when you drink to make you feel sick?

Answer 45

disulfiram ↑acetaldehyde

Question 46

someone with hepatic failure is having alcohol withdrawal. what BZD is given?

Answer 46

lorazepam

Question 47

BZD increases which neurotransmitter?

Answer 47

GABA

Question 48

which anticonvulsant medication is used in alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 48

carbamazepine

Question 49

BZD, opioids, alcohol are what types of drugs?

Answer 49

Depressants

Question 50

amphetamines, NMDA, cocaine are all what types of drug?

Answer 50

Stimulants

Question 51

LSD, magic mushrooms, PCP, ketamine are all what types of drugs?

Answer 51

Hallucinogens

Question 52

``` ecstasy, heroin and magic mushrooms are what class of drug? -A, B, C? ```

Answer 52

A

Question 53

``` anabolic steroids and tranquilizers are what class of drugs? -A, B, C? ```

Answer 53

C

Question 54

``` Cannabis, amphetamines, ketamine & codeine are what class of drugs? -A, B, C ```

Answer 54

B

Question 55

which criteria is used to assess alcohol dependence?

Answer 55

Edwards & Gross Criteria

Question 56

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting diarrhoea. what drug is given to treat?

Answer 56

loperamide

Question 57

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting abdo cramps. what drug is given to treat?

Answer 57

Buscopan

Question 58

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting N&V. what drug is given to treat?

Answer 58

metoclopramide

Question 59

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting anxiety. what drug is given to treat? class of this drug?

Answer 59

diazepam BZD

Question 60

someone overdoses on opioid. what is the antidote? will this work quickly or slowly?

Answer 60

Naloxone quickly

Question 61

which drug can help maintain opioid abstinence?

Answer 61

naltrexone

Question 62

naltrexone is hepatotoxic, | thus what must be checked before and after treatment?

Answer 62

LFTs

Question 63

buscopan drug classes? | -2

Answer 63

antispasmodic and anticholinergic

Question 64

buscopan moa? overall effect of buscpan on GI tract?

Answer 64

blocks the muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle walls stop muscle contractions in GI tract, so GI tract more relaxed

Question 65

metoclopramide moa? metoclopramide effect on stomach?

Answer 65

blocks D2 Receptors speed up stomach emptying

Question 66

most common symptom of wernicke encephalopathy?

Answer 66

Confusion

Question 67

ataxia etymology?

Answer 67

a - without | taxia - order

Question 68

what is ataxia?

Answer 68

lack voluntary coordination of your muscle movements

Question 69

treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy?

Answer 69

Diazepam + Pabrinex

Question 70

difference between relapse and lapse?

Answer 70

``` Relapse = full blown deterioration Lapse = temporary deterioration then back on feet. ```

Question 71

Moa of disulfiram? effect of this?

Answer 71

blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase ↑acetaldehyde

Question 72

list all Opiate Withdrawal Symptoms? | -10

Answer 72

``` Diarrhoea Abdo cramps N&V Anxiety Muscle spasms Restless Fever/chills Tachycardic, high BP Secretions, runny nose & tears ```

Question 73

what happens to BP and HR if having opiate withdrawal?

Answer 73

Tachycardic | high BP

Question 74

antidote to an opioid overdose? | (what drug do you give?

Answer 74

Naloxone

Question 75

which drug reduces desire to drink?

Answer 75

Acamprosate

Question 76

untreated Wernicke encephalopathy will lead to what syndrome?

Answer 76

Korkasoff

Question 77

which drug to stop alcoholic relapses is the most effective? | - has 2 names

Answer 77

disulfiram aka | antabuse