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Neurology > Alcohol withdrawal, drug addiction > Flashcards

Alcohol withdrawal, drug addiction Flashcards

1
Q

How many grams of pure alcohol in one unit?

A

8g

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2
Q

recommended units of alcohol per week?

A

14

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3
Q

can you drink in pregnancy?

A

no

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4
Q

what syndrome can effect baby if you drink when pregnant?

A

foetal alcohol syndrome

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5
Q

alcohol blocks absorption of what vitamin?

A

B1

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6
Q

thiamine is what B vitamine?

A

B1

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7
Q

asking about drink driving in a history falls under what category of history taking?

A

forensic history

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8
Q

What is asked in forensic history?

-5

A 
domestic abuse
drink driving
drunk & disorderly
fights
 harm
Othello’s syndrome
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9
Q

paranoid belief about the certainty of your partner’s infidelity is known what?

A

Othello’s syndrome

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10
Q

which LFT is high in an alcoholic?

A

↑ALT

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11
Q

what does MCV stand for?

is MCV high or low in an alcoholic?

A

mean corpuscular volume

↑MCV

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12
Q

a breathalyser measures what specifically?

A

ethanol

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13
Q

MCV measures what exactly?

A

size of rbc

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14
Q

is GABA inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory

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15
Q

is glutamate inhibitory or excitatory?

A

excitatory

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16
Q

chronic alcohol decreases levels of what major neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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17
Q

if GABA is low the brain will want to increase which neurotransmitter?

is said neurotransmitter excitatory or inhibitory?

A

glutamate

excitatory

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18
Q

an alcoholic tries to quit and goes through alcoholic withdrawal.

which neurotransmitter is responsible for his symptoms?

is this neurotransmitter in high or low leves?

A

glutamate

high

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19
Q

why is glutamate high in alcoholic?

A

to balance out high GABA from drinking

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20
Q

hypercalcaemia is toxic to neurons.

true or false?

A

true

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21
Q

high glutamate levels influx what ion into the neurons?

A

Ca2+

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22
Q

what is the kindling effect?

A

when successive alcohol withdrawals have worse symptoms

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23
Q

why does the kindling effect happen?

A

with each withdrawal some neurons die that do not recover, so with next withdrawal overall even more neurons have died.

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24
Q

alcohol withdrawal symptoms after 6-12 hours?

-4

A

tremors
sweating
anxiety
tachycardia

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25
Q

which symptoms peaks 36 hours after alcohol withdrawal?

A

seizures

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26
Q

which symptoms peaks 48 - 72 hours after alcohol withdrawal?

A

delirium tremors

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27
Q

what drug do you give for delirium tremors?

-name

A

diazepam

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28
Q

ataxia, confusion & eye signs are a triad of what condition?

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

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29
Q

vivid hallucination, tremors, confusion are a triad of what form of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Delirium tremens

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30
Q

mortality rate of Delirium tremens?

A

35%

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31
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy can lead to permanent damage of what organ?

A

brain

32
Q

treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy?

how long do you give this drug for?

A

pabrinex + Diazepam

5 days of pabrinex

33
Q

what does CIWA stand for?

A

clinical institute withdrawal assessment

34
Q

is CIWA done at home or hospital usually?

A

home

35
Q

how often does nurse check on you in CIWA?

A

every 90 minutes

36
Q

CIWA score of 11+ means what drug must be given?

-name

A

diazepam

37
Q

how long does CIWA take usually?

A

1-2 days

38
Q

how many CIWA scores of <11 are needed before you can stop treatment?

A

two

39
Q

what is the 1st line method to detox of alcohol?

A

CIWA

40
Q

what is the 2nd line method to detox of alcohol?

A

FIXED REDUCTION REGIME

41
Q

what major complication can occur with too much diazepam?

A

resp depression

42
Q

which drug makes you feel sick if you drink alcohol?

A

disulfiram

43
Q

which drug reduces desire to drink?

A

Acamprosate

44
Q

which drug maintains abstinence from not drinking, reduces pleasures & craving?

moa of this drug?

A

Naltrexone

stops Da release at nucleus accumbens

45
Q

which drug makes you feel sick when you drink alcohol?

this drug increases what chemical when you drink to make you feel sick?

A

disulfiram

↑acetaldehyde

46
Q

someone with hepatic failure is having alcohol withdrawal.

what BZD is given?

A

lorazepam

47
Q

BZD increases which neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

48
Q

which anticonvulsant medication is used in alcohol withdrawal?

A

carbamazepine

49
Q

BZD, opioids, alcohol are what types of drugs?

A

Depressants

50
Q

amphetamines, NMDA, cocaine are all what types of drug?

A

Stimulants

51
Q

LSD, magic mushrooms, PCP, ketamine are all what types of drugs?

A

Hallucinogens

52
Q 
ecstasy, heroin and magic mushrooms are what class of drug?
-A, B, C?
A

A

53
Q 
anabolic steroids and tranquilizers are what class of drugs?
-A, B, C?
A

C

54
Q 
Cannabis, amphetamines, ketamine & codeine are what class of drugs?
-A, B, C
A

B

55
Q

which criteria is used to assess alcohol dependence?

A

Edwards & Gross Criteria

56
Q

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting diarrhoea.

what drug is given to treat?

A

loperamide

57
Q

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting abdo cramps.

what drug is given to treat?

A

Buscopan

58
Q

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting N&V.

what drug is given to treat?

A

metoclopramide

59
Q

A patient having opiate withdrawal is getting anxiety.

what drug is given to treat?

class of this drug?

A

diazepam

BZD

60
Q

someone overdoses on opioid.

what is the antidote?

will this work quickly or slowly?

A

Naloxone

quickly

61
Q

which drug can help maintain opioid abstinence?

A

naltrexone

62
Q

naltrexone is hepatotoxic,

thus what must be checked before and after treatment?

A

LFTs

63
Q

buscopan drug classes?

-2

A

antispasmodic and anticholinergic

64
Q

buscopan moa?

overall effect of buscpan on GI tract?

A

blocks the muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle walls

stop muscle contractions in GI tract, so GI tract more relaxed

65
Q

metoclopramide moa?

metoclopramide effect on stomach?

A

blocks D2 Receptors

speed up stomach emptying

66
Q

most common symptom of wernicke encephalopathy?

A

Confusion

67
Q

ataxia etymology?

A

a - without

taxia - order

68
Q

what is ataxia?

A

lack voluntary coordination of your muscle movements

69
Q

treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy?

A

Diazepam + Pabrinex

70
Q

difference between relapse and lapse?

A 
Relapse = full blown deterioration 
Lapse = temporary deterioration then back on feet.
71
Q

Moa of disulfiram?

effect of this?

A

blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase

↑acetaldehyde

72
Q

list all Opiate Withdrawal Symptoms?

-10

A 
Diarrhoea 
Abdo cramps 
N&V 
Anxiety 
Muscle spasms 
Restless 
Fever/chills
Tachycardic, high BP 
Secretions, runny nose & tears
73
Q

what happens to BP and HR if having opiate withdrawal?

A

Tachycardic

high BP

74
Q

antidote to an opioid overdose?

(what drug do you give?

A

Naloxone

75
Q

which drug reduces desire to drink?

A

Acamprosate

76
Q

untreated Wernicke encephalopathy will lead to what syndrome?

A

Korkasoff

77
Q

which drug to stop alcoholic relapses is the most effective?

- has 2 names

A

disulfiram aka

antabuse

Neurology (40 decks)

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