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Neurology > meningitis > Flashcards

meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

define meningitis?

A

inflammation of the leptomeninges

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2
Q

what are the leptomeninges?

A

arachnoid and pia

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3
Q

define meningoencephalitis

A

inflammation of the leptomeninges + underlying brain

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4
Q

etymology of meninges?

A

mening (greek) = membrane

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5
Q

etymology of leptomeninges?

A

leptos = thin

mening (greek) = membrane

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6
Q

prevalence per 100,000?

A

2-5/100,000

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7
Q

most common cause of meningitis?

A

infection

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8
Q

risk factors for meningitis?

A

Immunocompromised
Not vaccinated
Crowded environments

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9
Q

order of meninges

A

DAP

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10
Q

why would an old person or a person with HIV be at risk of meningitis?

A

immunocompromised

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11
Q

what type of rash could a pt with meningitis have?

how do you test if it is said rash?

result of said test?

A

non-blanching rash

press glass against it,

will not disappear

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12
Q

cause of meningococcus meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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13
Q

most common bacterial cause of meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B streptococcus

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14
Q

most common bacterial cause of meningitis? (regardless of age)

A

S. Pneumonia

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15
Q

most common viral cause of meningitis?

A

enteroviruses

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16
Q

which is more common cause of meningitis:

HSV-2 meningitis or HSV-1 meningitis

A

HSV-2 meningitis

17
Q

HSV-2 meningitis is what type of virus?

  • basically what does it stand for?
A

herpes simples virus

18
Q

coxsackie & echovirus come under what group of viruses?

A

enteroviruses

19
Q

of bacteria, viruses and fungi which is rarest cause of meningitis?

A

fungi

20
Q

of bacteria and viral cause of meningitis,

which is more common?

A

viral

21
Q

of bacteria and viral cause of meningitis,

which is more lethal?

A

bacteria

22
Q

of bacteria and viral cause of meningitis,

which is usually self-limiting?

A

viral

23
Q

a non blanching rash is associated with which type of meningitis?

A

meningococcal disease

24
Q

meningism is a clinical syndrome.

what is classic triad of symptoms?

A

Headache
Photophobia
Neck Stiffness

25
Q

aside from meningism what other symptoms can occur?

A

Confusion
Fever
N&V
Seizures

26
Q

what is Kernig’s sign?

A

hip flexed and knee at 90°,

extension of the knee causes pain

27
Q

what is brudzinski sign?

A

severe neck stiffness causes hips and knees to flex when neck is flexed.

28
Q

pt confirmed with infective meningitis:

which drug is given prophylactically to contacts?

A

ciprofloxacin.

29
Q

pt comes to hospital with meningitis.

what drug is given immediately before Ix are done?

what is route?

A

IV ceftriaxone

30
Q

what Ix are done for pt with suspected meningitis?
-7

why do you do each/ what result would indicate meningitis?

A

FBC - leukocytosis

CRP – raised

Coagulation screen – required prior to LP

Blood glucose – need to compare to CSF glucose

Blood culture - +ve if bacterial infection

Whole-blood PCR - for N meningitidis

LP & CSF analysis

31
Q

pt with suspected meningitis.

two reasons why LP might be CI?

A

increased ICP

meningococcal septicaemia

32
Q

most common complication of meningitis?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

33
Q

severe complication you must be wary of with meningitis and really any infection?

A

sepsis

34
Q

mortality rate of Meningococcal meningitis in adults?

A

10%

35
Q

mortality rate of pneumococcal meningitis?

A

22%

36
Q

you are a GP.
pt comes and you suspect meningococcal meningitis due to a particular type of rash and some other symptoms.

what type of rash is it?

what must you as GP give immediately?

where must you send pt now ASAP?

A

non-blanching rash

Benzylpenicillin (IM/IV)

hospital

37
Q

what blood test must you do before a LP?

A

coagulation screen

Neurology (40 decks)

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