Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Myasthenia Gravis > Flashcards

Myasthenia Gravis Flashcards

1
Q

what type of disease is myasthenia gravis?

A

autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cause?

A

autoantibodies block Acetylcholine (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main overall symptom?

A

muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which receptor does Ach bind to at the muscle?

A

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

small proportion of patients also have antibodies against a post-synaptic protein.

what is this protein called?

A

muscle-specific kinase, MuSK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

60% of MG cases get reactive hyperplasia of what cell and in what organ?

A

intrathymic B cell

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many myasthenia gravis pts get thymoma?

-% wise

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ptosis is due to weakness of what muscle?

A

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

weak swallowing muscles causes what symptom?

A

dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

weak facial muscles leads to what symptoms?

-2

A

slurred speech + snarl smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is there head drop?

A

Neck extensor muscles weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is there SOB?

A

Resp muscles weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is worldwide prevalence?

-%wise

A

0.02%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which gender is a risk factor?

A

females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do younger or older people get onset of this disease?

A

younger onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which complication has increased risk due to the dysphagia?

A

↑aspiration pneumonia

17
Q

Weak respiratory muscles can cause what complication?

how do you treat this?
-2

A

myasthenic crisis

plasmapheresis + intubation

18
Q

how does the muscle weakness vary during the day?

A

worse at end of day

19
Q

Risk Factors for MG?

-6

A 
Female 
young
FHx 
Autoimmune disorder 
Thymoma 
Thymic hyperplasia
20
Q

which imaging do you use to exclude thymoma?

A

exclude thymoma

21
Q

what test is appropriate for checking nerve behaviour in MG?

result on this test?

A

Electromyography

nerves show a decremental response to repetitive stimulation

22
Q

what is 1st line blood test ?
2nd line blood test?

how many pts will be postiive for the above two test?

if not positive in above test but they have a strong history what is the 2nd line Ix you do?

A

check blood for anti-AChR antibodies - 85%
anti-muSK antibodies - 40%

Electromyography

23
Q

how does exercise affect symptoms?

A

makes it worse

24
Q

pt has positive Hx but nothing abnormal in blood tests.

what Ix should you do now?

positive result on said Ix?

how sensitive is said test?

A

Electromyography

nerves show a decremental response to repetitive stimulation

95%

25
Q

1st line drug?

group of this drug?

A

PYRIDOSTIGMINE

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

26
Q

if thymoma is seen on imaging.

what Mx do you do?

A

Thymectomy

27
Q

1st line drug fails.

what is 2nd line drug?

class of this drug?
group of this drug?
A

Prednisolone

corticosteroids
immunosuppression

28
Q

what is 2nd line drug?

2nd line drug fails.

what is 3rd line drug?

class of this drug?
group of this drug?
A

Prednisolone

azathioprine

purine synthesis inhibitor
immunosuppression

29
Q

what is nutshell Mx?

-2 things

A

boost ACh (&downregulate immune system)

30
Q

on examination how can you exacerbate ptosis?

A

ask pt to look up

31
Q

symptoms?

-7

A 
Lethargy 
Muscle weakness, worse at end of day 
Double vision 
Slurred speech 
Dysphagia 
SOB 
Head drop
32
Q

does rest make symptoms better or worse?

A

better

33
Q

signs on examination?

-4

A

muscle weakness
muscles fatigue on use
Ptosis
Myasthenic snarl

34
Q

what is 1st line blood test ?
2nd line blood test?

how many pts will be postiive for the above two test?

if not positive in above test but they have a strong history what is the 2nd line Ix you do?

A

check blood for anti-AChR antibodies - 85%
anti-muSK antibodies - 40%

Electromyography

Neurology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions