state of the Church in 1529

Question 1

what 3 things support the idea that the church is corrupt?

Answer 1

•relics
•indulgences
•pilgrimages

Question 2

what were relics?

Answer 2

these were objects that were claimed to have holy significance (been close to jesus) and were sold to people as they were seen as appeasing God. the money collected from these went straight to the church

Question 3

what were indulgences?

Answer 3

‘certificates’ produced in bulk that had been pre-signed by the pope which pardoned a persons sins and gave them access to heaven. you could also buy an indulgence for a dead person to reduce their time in purgatory, this would elevate you in the eyes of God

Question 4

what were pilgrimages?

Answer 4

a journey to a place of worship that was owned by the catholic church and the church could make money by selling merchandise like badges

Question 5

what was simony and why was it a problem?

Answer 5

•selling church titles rather than giving them to the most qualified person
•shows corruption in the church

Question 6

what was pluralism and why was it a problem?

Answer 6

•priests hold the right to more than one parish
•priest gets uneducated, second rate priests replace him when he is not there, done to make more money

Question 7

what is nepotism and why was it a problem?

Answer 7

•the promotion of members of one’s family for reasons other than ability
•people gained higher positions in the church due to their connecting rather than their capability
•uneducated church officials

Question 8

what were mortuary fees and why were they a problem?

Answer 8

•they were a payment made to the priest upon the burial of the person, they were paid by relatives
•they were strongly disliked as people were grieving then being charged, they spread resentment towards the church
•they gave the dead a place in heaven

Question 9

what was anti-clericalism?

Answer 9

criticisms of the behaviour of the clergy and the practices of the church

Question 10

what were controversial about the canterbury tales?

Answer 10

•they were a tale told by pilgrims travelling in hopes to lessen their time in purgatory
•it can be interpreted as a criticism of the church as they are mocking certain church customs and mention Lollardy

Question 11

what was the case of Richard Hunne?

Answer 11

he refused to give up his dead baby’s clothes to pay the mortuary fee and ended up in a dispute with the church, he then was found having hung himself (it was later revealed that there was a struggle and he was actually murdered)
•he had a lollard bible in his house and his public tensions caused widespread distrust of the church

Question 12

what 3 sections was the church divided into?

Answer 12

•parishes (priests)
•dioceses (bishops)
•archdioceses (archbishops)

Question 13

how many monasteries were there in england in 1529?

Answer 13

850

Question 14

how many parishes were there in england in 1529?

Answer 14

9000

Question 15

who was Cardinal Wolsey?

Answer 15

•archbishop of york
•chancellor
•papal legate (the pope’s representative)

Question 16

what did Guilds do?

Answer 16

supported their members and prayed for their souls after death

Question 17

what did people have to do before the Eucharist?

Answer 17

confess their sins to a priest

Question 18

the monarch relied on the church to give his position…

Answer 18

legitimacy

Question 19

who was the most powerful churchman in the first half of Henry’s reign?

Answer 19

Thomas Wolsey

Question 20

what were Thomas Wolsey’s roles?

Answer 20

•chancellor
•cardinal
•archbishop of york
• legatus a latere

Question 21

what were doom paintings?

Answer 21

a visible threat of the consequences of failing to follow Church teachings

Question 22

how much did the church get from English taxes each year?

Answer 22

£4500

Question 23

what was the tax called that the church collected?

Answer 23

tithe

Question 24

what were church courts used for?

Answer 24

to punish people for infringing society’s moral code (absence from church ect). they were also used for proving wills

Question 25

what was the church’s main role?

Answer 25

to provide spiritual guidance and leadership to the laity

Question 26

what was the liturgical year?

Answer 26

a year that was based around holy days/ religious ceremonies

Question 27

how could your time in purgatory be reduced?

Answer 27

•indulgences
•good works
•pilgrimages

Question 28

why was the pope so crucial?

Answer 28

he administered the seven sacraments

Question 29

who were the 3 groups that criticised the church?

Answer 29

•lollards
•lutherans
•humanists

Question 30

who was the leader of the Lollards?

Answer 30

John Wycliffe

Question 31

what did Richard Hunne do?

Answer 31

criticised mortuary fees and was probably killed by the church in 1514

Question 32

when was Henry labelled ‘defender of the faith’

Answer 32

1521