England in 1529

Question 1

what was the monarchy like?

Answer 1

•Henry VIII on the throne (1509-1547)
•he was concerned with succession and married his dead brother Arthur’s wife
•tutors came to power after Henry VII defeated Richard III in the ‘Wars of the roses’

Question 2

who were the nobility?

Answer 2

•top 1% of the population
•they advised the king and helped run the country, they advised him informally through the Privy chamber
•they had a political role in parliament
•they were rich landowners

Question 3

what was the church like?

Answer 3

•the monarch depended on the church for maintenance of law and order
•it collects taxes
•abbeys, monasteries and priorys were often used to provide education and help for the sick/ poor

Question 4

what was england/ europe like?

Answer 4

•merchants spread new religious ideas and were involved in the wool and cloth trade
•henry VIII had two failed invasions in the first 10 years of his reign (not well respected in the empire)
• the two most powerful leaders included Holy Roman Empire leader Charles V and Francis I of France

Question 5

new religious ideas

Answer 5

•majority of the population did not question religious beliefs at all
•Martin Luther translated the bible into german
•printing press was invented and it enabled the swift spread of ideas

Question 6

what was the state of the church in 1529?

Answer 6

•it was relatively unchallenged
•criticisms of the church started to form in europe
•there was a huge interdependence between the king and the pope
•Henry VIII was given the title ‘Defender of the Faith’

Question 7

What was Mass and what was it’s significance in society?

Answer 7

Mass was given in Latin, which majority of people did not understand. The Mass was seen to be ‘saving people’s souls’. If you don’t turn up to mass on a Sunday you face a fine, however everyone wanted to go so that they didn’t go to hell

Question 8

what was England a part of?

Answer 8

Christendom- a wider catholic church

Question 9

How did Henry VIII attempt to establish security of the Tudors in the eyes of the church and the people?

Answer 9

He constructed the Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey

Question 10

who was Cardinal Wolsey?

Answer 10

Henry VIII’s Chancellor (head of government), he is also Archbishop of York (the second most important person in the church)

Question 11

give 3 ways that the church was more powerful than the king 🤴

Answer 11

•The Pope had the authority to excommunicate the king
•the church had authority over the whole population and people were fined for not attending Mass on a sunday
• Henry VIII was dependent on the church for social control

Question 12

How much did Rome receive from England in tax per year?

Answer 12

£4,500

Question 13

how much did Henry VIII receive from church taxes per year?

Answer 13

£12,500

Question 14

what two things did the church fine people for?

Answer 14

• non-attendance at Church
• breaking the ten commandments

Question 15

how were the parish churches divided inside?

Answer 15

there was a screen between the areas which the ordinary people (the laity) could go and the places for the choir and the clergy

Question 16

what were parish churches used for?

Answer 16

it could be used for activities other than religious services (like markets, social activities, village meetings)

Question 17

what was a chantry chapel?

Answer 17

everyday chapels (weekdays), used for masses

Question 18

what kind of things did a monastery do?

Answer 18

they would help the poor and the sick through prayer and monks had the most medical knowledge

Question 19

8 ways in which the church had power over people’s lives

Answer 19

•the church’s spiritual role
•the liturgical year
•lay religious guilds
•belief in heaven, hell and purgatory
•pilgrimages
•the seven sacraments
•the priesthood
•printing

Question 20

what was the spiritual role of the church in peoples lives?

Answer 20

•it provided a link between God and human beings
•it means you could only reach heaven through the church

Question 21

what was the liturgical year? how did it establish the churches power?

Answer 21

•a circular view on life, everyone followed the year and many would not work on feast or holy days
•people’s lives revolves around the church

Question 22

what was the lay religious guild? how did it establish the churches power?

Answer 22

•a group that provided a common fund that people would pay into that ensured that they had prayers being said for their would
•it increased the wealth of the church and emphasised the power the church had over the fate of peoples souls

Question 23

what were the beliefs in heaven, hell and purgatory? how did it establish the churches power?

Answer 23

•they believed original sin and that you had to do good in life (attend Mass) to reduce time in purgatory (the place where your soul suffers before going to heaven and you’re cleansed of your sins) and increases your chances of going to heaven
•the church can take advantage of people as everyone wants reduced time in purgatory, they can control what happens to your soul after death

Question 24

what we’re pilgrimages? how did it establish the churches power?

Answer 24

•a journey to demonstrate their faith, it was often to visit a religious site.
•they were sometimes given as punishment and it shows your soul will benefit from belief in the church

Question 25

when and where was the printing press developed?

Answer 25

in Germany in 1440, however the first book in England was in 1475

Question 26

who started the Lutheran movement?

Answer 26

Martin Luther

Question 27

when was the printing press invented?

Answer 27

in German in 1436

Question 28

when did William Tyndale release his English Bible?

Answer 28

1526

Question 29

what happened to William Tyndale after he released his English bible?

Answer 29

he was put on trial and forced into hiding, smugglers of his bible were punished

Question 30

where is there evidence of money being left to the church?

Answer 30

St John on the Wall

Question 31

who left money to the church in his will?

Answer 31

Stephen Forster

Question 32

give some examples of events that took place in the liturgical year

Answer 32

•Christmastide
•Candlemass
•the Holy week

Question 33

who was Walter Frampton and what did he do?

Answer 33

he gave money to help build St John on the Wall to reduce his time in purgatory

Question 34

when did Henry VIII rule between?

Answer 34

1509-1547

Question 35

how was the authority of the Church strengthened by Wolsey?

Answer 35

he was appointed by Henry to be head of his government (1515) meaning he held high ranking positions in both the church and the kings staff

Question 36

when was the Richard Hunne case?

Answer 36

1514

Question 37

what did martin luther publish the 95 theses?

Answer 37

1517

Question 38

who were some extreme protestants?

Answer 38

John Calvin
Zwingli