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History- reformation of the church > changes to the church under edward > Flashcards

changes to the church under edward Flashcards

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1
Q

when and what was cranmer’s seromon?

A

1547
cranmer drew comparisons between edward and the kings of the old testament, edward would be responsible for the construction of a ‘new Jerusalem’
the church of edward would be protestant

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2
Q

when did cranmer issue the book of homilies?

A

1547
he issued the book of homilies in english and one significant homily written by cranmer argued for justification by faith alone

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3
Q

when did cranmer order all parishes to have an english bible?

A

1547
he ordered that all parish churches should have the english bible and protestant literature available for all to read

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4
Q

what happened concerning the shmalkaldic league in 1547?

A

the protestant league is defeated by charles V. england is now the sole major protestant nation in europe. persecuted european protestant reformers are given sanctuary in england.

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5
Q

when was the shmalkaldic league defeated by charles V?

A

1547

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6
Q

when were processions and other things prohibited?

A

1547
processions, recitation of the rosary and the burning of candles before the rood screen are all prohibited (removing catholic traditions)

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7
Q

when were chantries dissolved?

A

1547

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8
Q

what was a religious reason for the chantries being dissolved?

A

because protestants don’t believe in purgatory

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9
Q

when was the act of the six articles repealed?

A

1547

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10
Q

when was the the treason act repealed?

A

1547
for the first time people could spread radical views without fear of imprisonment and arrest

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11
Q

when were all images removed from churches?

A

1548

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12
Q

when was the first book of common prayer issued?

A

1549

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13
Q

what was the first book of common prayer?

A

the status of transubstantiation was ambiguous and the laity was given the chalice (wine) for the first time. mass was to be given in english.

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14
Q

when was the act of uniformity issued?

A

1549

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15
Q

when were the clergy allowed to marry?

A

1549

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16
Q

when was there an order to destroy all remaining images in churches?

A

1549

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17
Q

what happened to stone altars and when?

A

1550
stone altars were removed and replaced with wooden communion tables

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18
Q

when was a new ordinal passed?

A

1550

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19
Q

what did the new ordinal say?

A

(a canon law on how priests are ordained) is passed only allowing for the ordination of priests who are truly protestant

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20
Q

what did cranmer plan to do in 1551?

A

to draw together all the reformed churches of europe under englands leadership yet was unable to carry this out

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21
Q

what did cranmer plan to do in 1551?

A

to draw together all the reformed churches of europe under englands leadership yet was unable to carry this out

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22
Q

when was the second book of common prayer issued?

A

1552

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23
Q

what was the second book of common prayer?

A

it removed all vestiges of catholicism and provided a fully reformed liturgy and doctrine. transubstantiation unequivocally removed and laity was to receive bread and wine

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24
Q

when was the new treason act passed and what was it?

A

1552
any questioning of royal supremacy or articles of the new church is punishable by death

25
Q

when was the second act of uniformity and what did it do?

A

1552
it made it an offence for clergy not to use the 1552 book of common prayer and for the laity not to attend church services

26
Q

when we’re the 42 articles issued and what were they?

A

1552
they provided a doctrine for the church of england where protestant ideas were reinforced. this was not ratified by parliament by the time of edwards death in 1553 though

27
Q

what was reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum?

A

it was drawn up by cranmer and it was an extreme document to police private morals. this was never passed through

28
Q

what caused Seymour’s downfall?

A

John Dudley (duke of norfolk) played a key role in his downfall. somerset was arrested and executed in 1552 following another attempt to regain power

29
Q

how did cranmer play a pivotal role in the push for protestantism?

A

he introduced the book of common prayer- with the 1552 version being overtly protestant. it removed many elements of the catholic mass and emphasis see the reformed doctrine.

30
Q

what was iconoclasm?

A

windows and statues were smashed by radical protestants. this only happened in protestant areas like london, east anglia and essex

31
Q

when were the two books of common prayer released?

A

1549
1552

32
Q

reasons that suggest edward turned england into a protestant country

A

•cranmers book of common prayer (1499) and the more radical version in 1552
•the new ordinal only allowed the ordination of priests who are truly protestant
•english bible in every church, put protestant literature in libraries
•radical ideas spread due to pamphlets, the government didn’t try to stop this

33
Q

reasons to suggested edward did not turn england into a protestant country

A

•laity opposition, not all of them accepted the believes of the new church (the prayer book rebellion)
•despite the new ordinal passed, many priests who were still catholic existed within the church
•the first book of common prayer was ambiguous, it had protestant and catholic ideas
•rebellions, they had to move slowly with their laws through fear of reaction
•limited protestantism due to the context at the time- european situation, fear of invasion
•english protestantism didn’t have the extremism found in europe

34
Q

what are the three phases of the edwardian reformation?

A

1547- destruction of catholic beliefs and practices
1548- a period of limbo
1548-1553: the establishment of protestantism

35
Q

give 3 examples of adoption of protestant practices in doctrine and liturgy in 1547

A

•the authority of the bishops was suspended as church visitations took place
•cranmer issues the book of homilies to be read in parish churches
•there were orders that all parish churches should have the english bible and protestant literature for all to read

36
Q

when was the western rebellion?

A

1549 following cranmers new prayer book

37
Q

how many men died during the western rebellion?

A

nearly 4000

38
Q

what were the political causes of the western rebellion?

A

•rejection of the new centralised government, people in the countryside had been used to governing themselves and were angry with government intervention
•government sent in agents to interfere in affairs in the countryside (william body)
•privy council in london making decisions for regions in the west

39
Q

what were the economic causes of the western rebellion?

A

•rejection of government interference in the economy (debasing the coinage)
•the gentry profiting
•desire to end enclosure
•the sheep tax
•anger at the gentry for exploiting the poor

40
Q

what were the economic causes of the western rebellion?

A

•rejection of government interference in the economy (debasing the coinage)
•the gentry profiting
•desire to end enclosure
•the sheep tax
•anger at the gentry for exploiting the poor

41
Q

what were the religious reasons for the western rebellion?

A

•church land / property sold off ‘to the people’
•the 1549 prayer book transformed the liturgy and removed all catholic rituals and practices (known as the ‘prayer book rebellion’
•the dissolution of the chantries and undermining of local guilds
•the gentry buying church land makes them complicit in the reformation, they have financial incentives not to revert back to the new ideas
•removal of the mass in latin

42
Q

where did the western rebellion take place?

A

devon and cornwall

43
Q

why was william body killed?

A

he was a government agent sent in to carry out the destruction of images

44
Q

what was somerset’s response to the western rebellion?

A

his motivations for taking action were unclear and he responded brutally with violence

45
Q

when was ketts rebellion?

A

1549

46
Q

what were some of the causes of kett’s rebellion?

A

•rack renting (extortionate rent)
•disloyal land owners
•problems with enclosure
•government interference in politics
•rebels wanted the government to follow through on the protestant concept of the ‘common-wealth’ (land for all rather than the few)

47
Q

how did somerset respond to kett’s rebellion and what happened in the end?

A

•somerset offered them pardons (as it was a protestant rebellion) but the rebels didn’t trust him
•3000 rebels killed and the rebellion crushed

48
Q

in england, what percentage of men were literate in the 1500s?

A

20%

49
Q

what percentage of the population were literate in the 16th century?

A

15%

50
Q

what things did edward implement that removed catholicism?

A

•1547- dissolution of the chantries
-the act of six articles repealed
-treason act repealed
-preaching was prohibited
•1548- all images to be removed from churches
•1549- laws against clerical marriage removed
•1550- stone altars replaced with wooden tables
-new ordinal that only allowed the ordination of truly protestant priests

51
Q

what was the first book of common prayer?

A

issues in december 1549
provided a liturgy to be used in parish churches
the act of uniformity enforced the usage of this book
key catholic practices were removed, and mass was to be in english
while it did not outright refer to transubstantiation, the wording still implied it existed
it still had some catholic notions

52
Q

what was the second book of common prayer?

A

issued in january 1552
enforced by the second act of uniformity in april
through this cranmer removed all vestiges of catholicism and provided a fully reformed doctrine and liturgy
it removed any possibility of transubstantiation
the second act of uniformity made it an offence for the clergy not to use the new book of common prayer and for the laity not to attend church services

53
Q

what were the 42 articles?

A

issues in november 1552
they provided a doctrine for the church of england
justification through faith was emphasised and the concept of predestination prefigured
the articles were not formally ratified by parliament by the time edward died in the following july

54
Q

what are some reasons indicating edward did not create a fully protestant nation?

A

•the protestant reformation was not completed
•reformatio legum ecclesiasticartim was drawn up to police private morals, yet this was defeated by parliament and therefore not passed
•LJG was rejected and mary (a devout catholic) was welcomed back and quickly turned the church back to catholicism
•the 42 articles were not in place before edwards death
•with edward dead, cranmer imprisoned and northumberland executed, many protestant figures were out of the picture

55
Q

what was the document called that enabled lady jane grey to succeed edward?

A

the devyse

56
Q

who was lady jane grey set to marry?

A

northumberland’s son

57
Q

why did mary go into hiding after edwards death?

A

through fear northumberland would capture her or kill her

58
Q

when was LJG told she was going to be queen?

A

the 9th of july 1553

59
Q

how long was lady jane grey queen for before mary came back for the throne?

A

9 days

History- reformation of the church (11 decks)

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