change and reaction 1536-1547 (textbook)

Question 1

who were the leaders of the conservative faction?

Answer 1

•the duke of norfolk
•stephen gardiner

Question 2

who were the leaders of the conservative faction?

Answer 2

•thomas cranmer
•catherine parr
•edward seymour
•william paget

Question 3

what year did jane seymour die?

Answer 3

1547

Question 4

what did the 1539 six articles reinforce?

Answer 4

they reinforced the seven sacraments and the importance of mass

Question 5

what was the religious state of the place ‘cleves’?

Answer 5

•celeves had broken with rome, but retained an essentially catholic doctrine

Question 6

what did henry marry anne of cleves?

Answer 6

january 1540

Question 7

when was cromwell executed?

Answer 7

1540

Question 8

what was the impact of cromwell’s execution?

Answer 8

it brought an end of government by a single minister and a return to a form of government which was dependent on the interplay of faction

Question 9

what were henry’s foreign policy aims?

Answer 9

•to establish himself as equal to francis I and charles V
•to regain control of french territories
•to maintain links with the netherlands
•to secure the tudor dynasty

Question 10

what did the papal bull (henry’s excommunication) mean for england?

Answer 10

•french and imperial ambassadors from london were removed
•cromwell believed that the pope was encouraging francis and charles to support a crusade against england

Question 11

how did cromwell respond to henry’s excommunication?

Answer 11

he began to seek protestant alliances in germany (shmalkaldic league)

Question 12

what was the main uprising in response to the dissolution of the monasteries?

Answer 12

the pilgrimage of grace

Question 13

when was the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 13

1536

Question 14

how many separate risings were in the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 14

9, they were known as the hosts

Question 15

who was the leader of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 15

robert asake

Question 16

how many people were involved in the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 16

over over 30,000

Question 17

which influential leaders had the pilgrimage of grace secured?

Answer 17

•lord Darcy
•the archbishop of york
•40 knights and gentlemen

Question 18

how was the pilgrimage of grace resolved?

Answer 18

•the duke of norfolk said that he would take the rebels demands to the king in return for a truce

Question 19

social and economic factors for the pilgrimage of grace

Answer 19

•there had been poor harvests in 1535 and 1536
•resistance to enclosure
•rack renting
•a request for the repeal of the statute of uses- which made henry the owner of all the land in the country

Question 20

how were the rebels in the pilgrimage of grace treated eventually?

Answer 20

144 were executed including asake and other influential members of the rebellion

Question 21

when was the trial of john lambert?

Answer 21

1536

Question 22

how did cranmers interference in the trial of john lambert illustrate how quickly beliefs were changing?

Answer 22

•john lambert was put on trial for denying the real presence of christ- the doctrine of transubstantiation
•cranmer condemned these views, even though he was later to adopt them himself

Question 23

how did john lamberts trial show that henry was catholic?

Answer 23

•henry stated his own belief in the importance of the eucharist and transubstantiation
•he issued a royal proclamation upholding transubstantiation and clerical celibacy

Question 24

when was an english bible introduced to every parish church?

Answer 24

1538

Question 25

how did the conservatives seek to undermine cranmer and catherine parr?

Answer 25

by linking them with known radical reformers such as anne askew

Question 26

how did henry demonstrate that cranmer had his full support?

Answer 26

he gave cranmer his own personal ring, which was symbolic of his support, and he could also send it to henry if he was ever under threat

Question 27

why was there a dispute between england and scotland in 1542?

Answer 27

due to henry’s personal feelings that james V did not respect him

Question 28

who was edward going to marry?

Answer 28

mary queen of scot’s (did not end up happening as the alliance between scotland and france came back)

Question 29

when did henry launch an invasion of france?

Answer 29

1544

Question 30

how many men did he bring to france?

Answer 30

48,000

Question 31

what mistake did henry make in his invasion of france?

Answer 31

he made his troops occupy Boulogne, outraging charles V and eventually led to him being allowed to control Boulogne for 8 years while paying the french

Question 32

what showed that factions did have a large say in the years leading up to henry’s death?

Answer 32

•whichever faction possessed the dry stamp could determine what received royal approval

Question 33

what was a regent?

Answer 33

a person who governs the country until the monarch reaches 18 years of age