1534-1547 Flashcards
when was the act of supremacy?
1534
what was the act of supremacy?
Henry is made head of the Church in England and can now collect church taxes. The act made it treason to call the monarch a heretic or schismatic
who was executed in 1535?
More, Fisher and the Carthusian monks
when did the dissolution of the monasteries begin?
1536
when were the Ten Articles passed?
1536
when was the Bishops book created?
1537
when were the royal injunctions made?
1538
when was Henry excommunicated from the church?
1538
when did France and the Holy Roman Empire sigh the treaty of Nice?
1538
when was the Act of the Six articles?
1539
When was the Great Bible published?
1539
when was there an English Bible in every church?
1540
when did Henry marry Anne of Cleves?
1540
when was Cromwell arrested and executed?
1540
when was the War against Scotland?
1542
when was the Kings Book published?
1543
when was the reading of the bible restricted?
1543
when was an English litany introduced?
1544
when did the King call for religious unity in parliament?
1545
when was the Chantries Act passed?
1545
give some examples of protestant changes to the Church 1536-1547
•dissolution of the monasteries
•the ten articles
•the bishops book
•royal injunctions
•the Great Bible published
•English Bible in Every Church
•English litany produced
•Chantries Act passed
give some examples of Catholic changes to the church 1536-1547
•act of the six articles
•kings book published
•reading of the bible restricted
what was the bishops book?
it was a book written by bishops who were influenced by Lutheran ideas, so it was heavily protestant. it emphasises salvation by faith and there was no mention of transubstantiation.
what did cromwells royal injunctions attack?
idolatry, pilgrimages and other superstitions
what does it mean when Henry was excommunicated from the church?
he was excluded from the Church by the pope, the Catholic church was punishing him by damning him to hell
what are the consequences of the Treaty of Nice being signed?
the two most powerful Catholic countries in Europe sign a peace treaty with eachother and vow to fight against protestantism
what did the passing of the Six articles essentially announce?
that despite his break with Rome, Henry was still essentially Catholic
what was the Great Bible and why did Henry approve of it?
it was commissioned to be published by Cromwell. Henry liked it as the cover appealed to his sense of self importance as it was an image of him as the Supreme Head.
why was the Marriage with Anne of Cleves arranged?
Cromwell arranged it because she was the sister of a Powerful protestant leader in Western Germany
What caused the War against Scotland?
King James refused Henry’s request to leave the Catholic church and Scotland remains loyal to the Pope
what was the Kings book?
The Bishops book is revised and becomes the Kings Book. It is very conservative (Catholic) and outlines the doctrine and liturgy of the new church
what are Chantries?
chapels for praying for the souls of the dead
what is the significance of Tyndale choosing the word ‘congregation’ instead of ‘church’ in his translation?
it implies that everyone is equal in the eyes of God and that it’s not an institution lead by someone (the pope) but it is a community
what was ironic about the English bible placed in Churches?
that is was largely based off Luther and William Tyndale’s translation, even though he had been killed for it a decade before
when was William Tyndale executed?
1536
what were the 4 factors that influenced Henry’s changes to the Church in this period?
•Henry’s own beliefs
•New religious ideas
•Factional influence
•Foreign Affairs
what is the evidence that Factional influence played a key role in dictating Henry’s changes to the Church?
•Henry was a Catholic at heart and not particularly reformist, yet he passed reformist laws anyway and conformed to reformist ideas (Bishops book, Dissolution of the Monasteries, Ten Articles)
•1536-1540 (when Cromwell was leading the Government) Henry passed many reformist Acts because they had a larger influence
however
•1540-1546 (After the death of Cromwell) Henry began moving back to Catholicism as they had the larger influence once the reformist faction had lost Cromwell
What implies that new religious ideas had the most influence over Henry’s changes in the Church?
•Cromwell and Cranmer were both influenced by new ideas and they had a key role in Henry’s government
•Anne introduced Henry to the ideas
•Evangelical beliefs became widespread
•Surveys on monastic life revealed corruption in Catholic practices, and that it was time for a change (breeds Humanism)
what evidence is there that Henry’s own beliefs were the main cause of changes in the Church?
•he executed both Catholics and protestants, implying he was concerned with his own power more than the outcome of the Church and he didn’t have a strong favour for either side
•Succession- Edward- protestant ideas gave him and his son more power while on the throne
•Henry was raised Catholic and was a Humanist, meaning he was more inclined to agree with Catholic policies
after the demise of Cromwell, who are the leading protestant figures in Henry’s court?
•Catherine Parr
•Thomas Cranmer
when did Henry’s army launch an attack on Scotland?
October 1542
what did Henry launch in 1544?
an invasion of France
what happened to Henry’s flagship, the Mary Rose?
it was sunk which resulted in the loss of 500 men
What happened to allow the reformist faction demote the earl of Surrey and finish the power of the conservative faction?
The earl of Surrey spearheaded a bold attack on a key French fortress, which was incredibly unsuccessful
what year did Henry and Catherine Parr get married?
1543
who was Catherine Parr a role model to?
Elizabeth
why did Catherine Parr want to marry Henry?
she believed God had chosen her to marry him and spread the word of the new religion
Catherine Parr also published a book
what was Catherine Parr accused of?
Heresy and imposing her religious beliefs on Elizabeth (after Elizabeth gave her father a translated religious text)
when did Henry VIII die?
28th of January 1547
how old was Edward when he was crowned?
9 years old
when was the english bible reading restricted?
1543
why was John Lambert trialed?
he was accused of heresy after denying transubstantiation
what did Henry do after the trial of John Lambert?
he issued a royal proclamation upholding transubstantiation
what did Henry publish in the last few years of his life about the Bishops book?
he published a detailed critique of the theology of the bishops book
when was the war against scotland?
1542
why was the chantries act passed?
to fund wars against France and Scotland
what was the dry stamp?
a stamp of Henry’s signature used when he was bedridden 1546-47. whoever was closest to him would have access to the stamp
whose ideas was Catherine Parr influenced by?
Ersamus’
who was Anne Askew?
she was a young woman passionate about protestant ideas and spread protestant literature. she was executed in 1546.
what position did Cranmer have?
Archbishop of Canterbury
what year does the Duke of Norfolk fall?
1546
who persuaded Henry to restrict the reading of the English bible?
Stephen Gardiner
