Stages of learning, transfer of learning

Question 1

3 stages of learning

Answer 1

Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous

Question 2

Cognitive

Answer 2

Visual demonstrations supported by clear verbal explanations = important –> give the learner a mental picture of the movement

Verbal cues to ensure correct sequencing of the movement

Limited attention capacity = brief + concise instructions

Lots of mistakes = extrinsic feedback to help progress to associative

Question 3

Associative

Answer 3

Mental picture of what’s required but still makes mistakes

Movement patterns become more fluent as they refine previously learnt skills

Know the ‘feel’ of the movement = use kinaesthetic feedback

Need extrinsic feedback from the teacher/coach to highlight correct technique + timing

Faults need to be corrected to stop development of bad habits

Question 4

Autonomous

Answer 4

Movement patterns become automatic = less concentration on performance –> spare attention capacity

Make greater use of kinaesthetic information

Still benefit from further complicated technical feedback from teacher/coach

Question 5

Positive transfer

Answer 5

Prior learning promotes present learning
e.g. gymnastics to dance

Question 6

Negative transfer

Answer 6

Prior learning hinders the learning of a new task
e.g. tennis to squash

Question 7

Zero transfer

Answer 7

Prior learning has no effect on present learning
e.g. golf to water polo

Question 8

Bi-lateral transfer

Answer 8

Transfer between limbs

Question 9

Proactive transfer

Answer 9

Effect that learning a skill has on a skill that’s not yet been learned
Could be positive, negative or zero

Question 10

Retroactive transfer

Answer 10

Effect that learning a skill has on a previously learned skill
Could be positive, negative or zero