Motivation, achievement motivation Flashcards
2 types of motivation
Intrinsic (internal) = enjoyment
Extrinsic (external) = rewards
Intrinsic motivation
For personal enjoyment + ‘feel-good factor’
Sense of accomplishment
Development of knowledge + desire to improve
Adrenaline rush (stimulation)
Extrinsic motivation
Tangible rewards = money or trophy
Intangible rewards = praise
Used to increase intrinsic motivation by offering advice on improvement
If extrinsic motivator is used as a control mechanism (large sums of money) = detrimental effect on intrinsic motivation
Main motives for participation in sport
Physical well-being
Psychological well-being
Improvement of performance
Assertive achievement = accomplishing Personal challenges
Achievement motivation
Personality is linked to competitiveness
The extent to which an individual is motivated to attain success
Types of goals success can be judged against
Mastery or task goal - self-improvement
Performance goals - e.g. a pb in athletics
Ego or ability goals - comparison with rivals
Outcome goals - e.g. winning the match
Social goals - social reinforcement,
e.g. approval by teammates or coaches
NACH
Need to achieve
NAF
Need to avoid failure
NACH characteristics
High nach = low naf
- risks taken
- persistence + perseverance
- failure seen as a route to success
NAF characteristics
Low nach = high naf
- risks declined
- challenges declined
- simple tasks for success
- learned helplessness is adopted (belief that failure is inevitable + they have no control of the outcome)
How to increase NACH behaviour
Positive reinforcement to increase feelings of pride + satisfaction
Choosing challenging but achievable tasks for everyone
Focusing negative feedback on effort rather than ability
Gradually increasing task difficulty as self-esteem improves
