Group dynamics Flashcards
1
Q
Stages of group development
A
- forming
- storming
- norming
- performing
2
Q
Forming
A
- group members familiarise themselves with each other to see if they belong to that group
- start to assess the strengths + weaknesses of other group members = testing their relationships.
- get to know their roles in the group + decide if they are capable/want to fulfil them.
- formal leaders are directive during the ‘forming’ stage.
3
Q
Storming
A
- conflict begins developing between group members
- individuals or cliques question the authority of leaders + resist the control of the group.
- conflicts develop due to demands on members of group –> individuals may start to seek more important roles
- formal leader takes on a more guiding role when making decisions = helps team move towards behaviour expected from a professional.
4
Q
Norming
A
- instability, hostility + conflict occur in storming + replaced by cooperation and solidarity.
- group members work towards common goals = group cohesion develops –> group satisfaction increases as goals are met
- leads to increased respect for others group members
- formal leader expects group members to become more involved in decision-making + take responsibility for their own professional behaviour
5
Q
Performing
A
- group progresses + functions as an effective unit
- works without conflict + strive to achieve shared goals
- little need for external supervision = group is more motivated
- more knowledgeable = make own decisions + taking responsibility
6
Q
Group cohesion
A
a group pursues a common goal together
- task cohesion
- social cohesion
7
Q
Task cohesion
A
- the way team members work together to successfully complete the task
- necessary for interactive sports e.g netball + rugby
- more closely linked to successful performance
8
Q
Social cohesion
A
- personal relationships within a group = team members enjoy interacting with one another
- e.g. recreational badminton players get on well with each other + enjoy playing the game regardless of if they win or lose.
9
Q
Actual productivity
A
how the team performs + the outcome of the performance
10
Q
Potential productivity
A
perfect performance based on the individual skill of each team member
11
Q
Losses due to faulty group processes
A
- motivation faults = not everyone giving 100%
- coordination faults = poor interaction
12
Q
Steiner’s group effectiveness
A
actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty group processes
13
Q
Ringleman effect
A
- the effect = as the group size increases, individual productivity decreases
- linked to motivation fault + associated with athletes ‘hiding’ in large groups + not being accountable for their own performance
- e.g. basketball team = more likely to operate together successfully than a rugby team
14
Q
Social loafing
A
- refers to a group member who is not giving 100% effort in a team situation
- due to a loss of motivation
- lack confidence, afraid of failure + are highly anxious
- don’t feel they can make a useful contribution to overall team performance = don’t want to participate
15
Q
Methods to avoid social loafing
A
- valuing individual contributions
- positive reinforcement of good performances
- giving individuals specific roles + responsibilities
- improving team spirit/cohesion through social activities
