Spotlight E Flashcards
Role of placenta during pregnancy
- Allows circulations from mom to baby via umbilical cord
- nutrition before pregnancy determines if uterus can support healthy placenta
Pregnancy weight recommendations
Underweight: BMI of less than 18.5
Normal: BMI of 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: BMI of 25-29.9
Distribution of weight gain during pregnancy
29 pounds total
- 7.5 each for baby and mother fat gain
- 3.5 water and blood
- 2 amniotic fluid and uterus
- 1.5 in breasts
- 1.5 placenta and umbilical cord
What weeks are the three trimesters of pregnancy
First: 1-13
Second: 14-27
Third: 28-40
What is considered the weeks where miscarriages can happen or preterm labor could happen?
Miscarriage: 1-20 weeks
Preterm: 21-37
Inadequate Weight Gain consequences in pregnant women
- premature baby (less than 37 weeks)
- small for gestational age (SGA)
- still birth
- heart disease, hypertension, diabetes as adults
- low birth weight
Four factors that influence birth weight
- duration of pregnancy
- weight of mother before pregnancy
- amount of weight gained during pregnancy
- whether the mother smoked during pregnancy
Four factors of prenatal lifestyle
- physically healthy
- eating well
- making responsible choices
- getting regular medical care
Calories during pregnancy
340 increase in second trimester
450 in third
Best to monitor weight gain and not calorie count though
Important vitamins and minerals while pregnant
- iron
- folate to avoid neural tube defects, autism and other birth defects
- Vitamin A
- calcium
- Vitamin D
- Carbs
- Omega 3 (brain development)
Folate and neural tube defect
- Important in Development of new cells
- need at least 400 mcg a day
- FDA began mandatory grain fortification of folate to help prevent folate deficiency
Fish and pregnancy
8 to 12 ounces a week of low mercury fish
- Salmon, cod, shrimp, trout…
- mercury could cause central nervous system defects and slow cognitive development
- Avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel
What is pica
Eating disorder that can cause individuals to crave nonfood substances like paint chips, paste, plaster, dirt or hair
- May be because of anemia (need iron)
Describe Listeria and effects on pregnancy
Food microbe
- can cause miscarriage, premature birth, fetal death and newborn illness
- from unpasteurized cheeses, milk and juices, unheated luncheon meats, meat spreads, pate
Caffeine and pregnancy
Under 200 grams a day or just staying away from caffeine in general
Coffee has about 135mg per 8oz
What is preeclampsia
Occurs later in pregnancy
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Foods to be cautious of while pregnant
Raw fresh produce
Deli meats and hot dogs
Albacore tuna
Postnatal nutrition
- Lactation creates increased energy needs for mother
- breast feed first 6 months
- introduce solid foods and continue to breast feed 6 months to 1year
What is colostrum
Pre-milk substance that is rich in antibodies
Breast milk benefits for the baby and mother
Reduce risk of: Baby: - obesity - ear infections - SIDS - food allergies Mother: - breast cancer - ovarian cancer - type 2 diabetes
Nutrition needs while breastfeeding
- energy demand can increase by 600calories in first 6 months
- 400 after 6 months
- eat lots of nutrient dense foods
What happens to milk with a nutritional deficiency in a lactating mother?
Quantity of milk will diminish before quality of milk
Choking hazards for 4 to 12 month olds
- nuts and seeds
- raw carrots and celery
- apple and pear slices
- raw fruits and veggies
- popcorn
- dried fruit
- whole grapes
- large chunks of meat or cheese
Rules for cow’s milk and juice for new born to 1 years old
100% Fruit juice Should not be introduced until 6-8 months
- cows milk not until at least 1 years old
Can cause allergies later in life
