Spotlight E

Question 1

Role of placenta during pregnancy

Answer 1

• Allows circulations from mom to baby via umbilical cord

- nutrition before pregnancy determines if uterus can support healthy placenta

Question 2

Pregnancy weight recommendations

Answer 2

Underweight: BMI of less than 18.5
Normal: BMI of 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: BMI of 25-29.9

Question 3

Distribution of weight gain during pregnancy

Answer 3

29 pounds total

• 7.5 each for baby and mother fat gain
• 3.5 water and blood
• 2 amniotic fluid and uterus
• 1.5 in breasts
• 1.5 placenta and umbilical cord

Question 4

What weeks are the three trimesters of pregnancy

Answer 4

First: 1-13
Second: 14-27
Third: 28-40

Question 5

What is considered the weeks where miscarriages can happen or preterm labor could happen?

Answer 5

Miscarriage: 1-20 weeks
Preterm: 21-37

Question 6

Inadequate Weight Gain consequences in pregnant women

Answer 6

• premature baby (less than 37 weeks)
• small for gestational age (SGA)
• still birth
• heart disease, hypertension, diabetes as adults
• low birth weight

Question 7

Four factors that influence birth weight

Answer 7

• duration of pregnancy
• weight of mother before pregnancy
• amount of weight gained during pregnancy
• whether the mother smoked during pregnancy

Question 8

Four factors of prenatal lifestyle

Answer 8

• physically healthy
• eating well
• making responsible choices
• getting regular medical care

Question 9

Calories during pregnancy

Answer 9

340 increase in second trimester
450 in third

Best to monitor weight gain and not calorie count though

Question 10

Important vitamins and minerals while pregnant

Answer 10

• iron
• folate to avoid neural tube defects, autism and other birth defects
• Vitamin A
• calcium
• Vitamin D
• Carbs
• Omega 3 (brain development)

Question 11

Folate and neural tube defect

Answer 11

• Important in Development of new cells
• need at least 400 mcg a day
• FDA began mandatory grain fortification of folate to help prevent folate deficiency

Question 12

Fish and pregnancy

Answer 12

8 to 12 ounces a week of low mercury fish

• Salmon, cod, shrimp, trout…
• mercury could cause central nervous system defects and slow cognitive development
• Avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel

Question 13

What is pica

Answer 13

Eating disorder that can cause individuals to crave nonfood substances like paint chips, paste, plaster, dirt or hair

• May be because of anemia (need iron)

Question 14

Describe Listeria and effects on pregnancy

Answer 14

Food microbe

• can cause miscarriage, premature birth, fetal death and newborn illness
• from unpasteurized cheeses, milk and juices, unheated luncheon meats, meat spreads, pate

Question 15

Caffeine and pregnancy

Answer 15

Under 200 grams a day or just staying away from caffeine in general

Coffee has about 135mg per 8oz

Question 16

What is preeclampsia

Answer 16

Occurs later in pregnancy

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Question 17

Foods to be cautious of while pregnant

Answer 17

Raw fresh produce
Deli meats and hot dogs
Albacore tuna

Question 18

Postnatal nutrition

Answer 18

• Lactation creates increased energy needs for mother
• breast feed first 6 months
• introduce solid foods and continue to breast feed 6 months to 1year

Question 19

What is colostrum

Answer 19

Pre-milk substance that is rich in antibodies

Question 20

Breast milk benefits for the baby and mother

Answer 20

Reduce risk of:
Baby: 
- obesity
- ear infections
- SIDS
- food allergies
Mother:
- breast cancer
- ovarian cancer
- type 2 diabetes

Question 21

Nutrition needs while breastfeeding

Answer 21

• energy demand can increase by 600calories in first 6 months
• 400 after 6 months
• eat lots of nutrient dense foods

Question 22

What happens to milk with a nutritional deficiency in a lactating mother?

Answer 22

Quantity of milk will diminish before quality of milk

Question 23

Choking hazards for 4 to 12 month olds

Answer 23

• nuts and seeds
• raw carrots and celery
• apple and pear slices
• raw fruits and veggies
• popcorn
• dried fruit
• whole grapes
• large chunks of meat or cheese

Question 24

Rules for cow’s milk and juice for new born to 1 years old

Answer 24

100% Fruit juice Should not be introduced until 6-8 months
- cows milk not until at least 1 years old

Can cause allergies later in life