Ch. 6 - Proteins

Question 1

Recommended daily amount of protein

Answer 1

.8 grams per pound of body weight

10%-35% AMDR

Question 2

Functions of protein in the body

Answer 2

• Acid base balance
• hormone regulation
• Structure (muscle)
• Fluid balance
• Antibodies

Question 3

Structure of proteins

Answer 3

Amino acid structure contains:

• Central carbon atom
• an amino group that contains a - nitrogen atom
• an acid group
• a hydrogen atom
• A side chain

Question 4

Three unique amino acid side chains

Answer 4

Glycine
Serine
Tryptohpan

Question 5

Define Peptide bonds

Answer 5

These form when the acid group of one amino acid is joined with the amino group if another amino acid

Question 6

Three types if peptide bonds

Answer 6

• Dipeptides (2 amino acids)
• Tripeptides (3 amino acids)
• Polypeptides have many amino acids

Question 7

2 types of amino acids

Answer 7

Essential: Not made by the body comes from food

Nonessential: made by the body

Question 8

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 8

There are 9

Question 9

What is protein turnover

Answer 9

• Continuous breakdown and synthesis of body proteins
• Amino acids needed to replace protein lost from shredding of cells on skin and GI tract
• Needed for growth of body and muscle

Question 10

What is protein denaturation?

Answer 10

Caused by chemical action, heat or agitation

Effects the protein’s ability to function

Question 11

Describe enzymes

Answer 11

Acts as a catalyst in living organisms

Contains one or more amino acid chains called polypeptide chains

Question 12

Why do we need adequate amounts of all essential amino acids?

Answer 12

Needed for transcription and translation for protein absorption

Question 13

Three types of protein qualities

Answer 13

Complete: high quality and contains all essential amino acids (eggs, meat, soy, fish..)

Incomplete: Low quality like rice and grains

Complimentary: Combining the two (rice and beans)

Question 14

Digestion of protein

Answer 14

Mouth- Tears protein
Stomach- Hydrochloric acid unfolds protein
Small intestines- proteases breaks down amino acids into peptides

Question 15

What happens to amino acids?

Answer 15

• Synthesize into proteins
• Consuming excess protein does not creat more protein in the body
• Not stored, metabolized as an energy source
• Synthesized into glucose or fat

Question 16

Three conditions needed to protein synthesis

Answer 16

1. Adequate protein
2. Adequate carbs and fat
3. All essential amino acids

Question 17

Describe positive nitrogen balance

Answer 17

Foe tissue growth to occur, less nitrogen must be excreted than what is taken in

Question 18

Describe Nitrogen equilibrium

Answer 18

For an active healthy adult, body weight and lean mass are not changing and Protein synthesis and breakdown must be equal

Question 19

Describe negative nitrogen balance

Answer 19

Nitrogen intake outweighs nitrogen excretion

This is in inactive or older adults (decreasing muscle mass)

Question 20

Define Kwashiorkor

Answer 20

Protein deficiency

• Calorie intake through carbs
• swollen belly (edema)
• Enlarged liver (fatty liver)

Question 21

Define Marasmus

Answer 21

Another protein deficiency

Calorie deficiency as well

Skin and bones look