Sports science - respiration

Question 1

What are the functions of the lungs?

Answer 1

• diffusion
• ventilation
• means of gas exchange between the external environment and the body

Question 2

Process of inspiration

Answer 2

• diaphragm pushes down, ribs move up
• volume of lungs increases
• intrapulmonary pressure lowered

Question 3

Process of expiration

Answer 3

• diaphragm relaxes, ribs pulled down
• volume of lungs decreases
• intrapulmonary pressure raised

Question 4

List the muscles used in inspiration

Answer 4

• sternocleidomastoid
• scalenes
• external intercostals
• internal intercostals
• diaphragm

Question 5

List the muscles used in expiration

Answer 5

• internal intercostals
• external abdominal oblique
• internal abdominal oblique
• transversus abdominis
• rectus abdominis

Question 6

Define total lung capacity

Answer 6

amount of air in the lungs after maximal inspiration

Question 7

Define residual volume

Answer 7

amount of air always left in the lungs

Question 8

Define tidal volume

Answer 8

normal breathing rate

Question 9

Define diffusion

Answer 9

random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 10

What is ventilation?

Answer 10

mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs

Question 11

List the main 14 organs of the respiratory system

Answer 11

• frontal sinus
• nasal cavity
• hard palate
• nostril
• oral cavity
• larynx
• bronchus
• right lung
• left lung
• soft palate
• pharynx
• epiglottis
• esophagus
• trachea

Question 12

What does boyles law state?

Answer 12

that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container

Question 13

What 2 factors does airflow depend on?

Answer 13

• pressure difference between two ends of airway
• resistance of airways

Question 14

Define vital capacity

Answer 14

amount of air you breath in when making a maximal inspiration

Question 15

What is the equation for airflow?

Answer 15

airflow = p1-p2/resistance

Question 16

What is daltons law?

Answer 16

total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas would exert independently

Question 17

What is the ideal ratio of ventilation to perfusion?

Answer 17

1.0

Question 18

What percentage of O2 is transported bound to haemoglobin?

Answer 18

99%

Question 19

What 3 factors effect the dissociation curve?

Answer 19

• pH
• temperature
• 2-3 DPG

Question 20

How does pH effect the dissociation curve?

Answer 20

• decreased pH lowers Hb-O2 affinity
• results in a “rightward” shift to the curve

Question 21

How does temperature effect the dissociation curve?

Answer 21

• increased blood temperature lowers Hb-O2 affinity
• results in a “rightward” shift of the curve

Question 22

How does 2-3 DPG effect the dissocation curve?

Answer 22

• byproduct of RBC glycolysis
• may result in a “rightward” shift of the curve

Question 22

What is the role of myoglobin?

Answer 22

shuttles O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria

Question 23

Does myoglobin or haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen?

Answer 23

myoglobin