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UNI > Kinesiology - ankle and foot > Flashcards

Kinesiology - ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there total in the foot?

A

26

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2
Q

What is the name of the big toe

A

Hallux

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3
Q

How many tarsal bones do we have?

A

7

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4
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

A
  • calcaneus
  • talus
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • 3 cuneiforms
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5
Q

How many metatarsals do we have?

A

5

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6
Q

How many phalanges do we have?

A

14

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7
Q

How many phalanges does each toe have?

A

3

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8
Q

How many phalanges does the hallux have?

A

2

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9
Q

What are the names of the cuneiform bones in the foot?

A
  • medial cuneiform
  • intermediate cuneiform
  • lateral cuneiform
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10
Q

What is the name for the ankle joint?

A

talocrural joint

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11
Q

What joint is inbetween the talus and calcaneus

A

subtalar joint

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12
Q

What kind of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

hinge joint

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13
Q

Does the lateral malleolus or medial malleolus extend further

A

lateral malleolus

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14
Q

How many joints are there in the foot that do not drive movement

A

4

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15
Q

What are the 4 joints in the foot that do not drive movement called?

A
  • metatarsophalangeal
  • interphalangeal
  • tarsometatarsal
  • intertarsal
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16
Q

How many lateral ligaments are there in the foot?

A

3

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17
Q

What are the names of the 3 lateral ligaments in the foot?

A
  • anterior talofibular (ATFL)
  • posterior talofibular (PTFL)
  • calcaneofibular (CFL)
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18
Q

How many medial ligaments are there in the foot?

A

5

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19
Q

What are the names of the 5 medial bones in the foot?

A
  • posterior tibiotalar
  • anterior tibiotalar
  • tibiocalcaneal
  • tibionavicular
  • plantarcalcaneonavicular
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20
Q

What are the 6 movements that the foot/ankle carry out?

A
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantarflexion
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • pronation
  • supination
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21
Q

What does pronation involve (PED)

A
  • eversion
  • dorsiflexion
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22
Q

What does supination involve (SIP)

A
  • inversion
  • plantarflexion
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23
Q

What are the 4 muscle compartments in the foot?

A

1) anterior
2) lateral
3) deep posterior
4) superficial posterior

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24
Q

What muscles are involved in superficial posterior

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
25
Q

What movements are involved in superficial posterior

A
  • plantarflexion
  • flexion (knee) - gastrocnemius
26
Q

What muscles are involved in deep posterior

A
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior (popliteus)
27
Q

What movements are involved in deep posterior

A
  • plantarflexion
  • inversion
  • flexion (toes)
28
Q

What muscles are involved in anterior

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • peroneus tertium
29
Q

What movements are involved in anterior

A
  • dorsiflexion
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • extension (toes)
30
Q

What muscles are involved in lateral

A
  • peroneus longus (long)
  • peroneus brevis (short)
31
Q

What movements are involved in lateral

A
  • plantarflexion
  • eversion
32
Q

What is the lateral origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

posterior of lateral femoral condyle

33
Q

What is the medial origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

posterior of medial femoral condyle

34
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus (via achilles tendon)

35
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

A

tibial nerve

36
Q

What is the palpation of the gastrocnemius?

A

upper half of posterior lower leg

37
Q

What is the origin of the soleus?

A

posterior of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of posterior tibia

38
Q

What is the insertion of the soleus?

A

posterior of calcaneus (via achilles tendon)

39
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus?

A

tibial nerve

40
Q

What is the palpation of the soleus?

A

under gastrocnemius

41
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A

upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia

42
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A

inner surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

43
Q

What is the most common foot/ankle injury?

A

ligament sprain (inversion)

44
Q

List the plantarflexors in the foot/ankle

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
  • FDL
  • FHL
  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus brevis
45
Q

List the dorsiflexors in the foot/ankle

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • EDL
  • EHL
  • peroneus tertius
46
Q

List the invertors in the ankle/foot

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • tibialis posterior
  • FDL
  • FHL
47
Q

List the evertors in the ankle/foot

A
  • peroneus brevis
  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus tertius
  • EDL
48
Q

What is a ligament sprain (inversion)?

A
  • ankle ligament tear
  • usually 2+ together
  • anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular most common pairing
49
Q

What is the mechanism of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

A
  • inversion and supination
  • usually on landing or incorrect/uncoordinated placement of the foot
50
Q

What is the management of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

A
  • RICE
  • NSAIDs
  • progressive rehabilitation
51
Q

What is the presentation of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

A
  • specific pain when joint is loaded/moved
  • tenderness and swelling to anterior and lateral regions
  • bruising behind and below lateral malleolus
52
Q

What is the complications of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

A
  • reinjury
  • reduced performance
53
Q

What is tibial stress syndrome commonly known as?

A

shin splints

54
Q

What is the mechanism of tibial stress syndrome?

A
  • usually caused by overuse
  • periostitis - acute inflammation of tendon sheath
55
Q

What is the management for tibial stress syndrome?

A
  • RICE
  • NSAIDs
  • progressive rehabilitation
  • surface change
56
Q

What is the presentation of tibial stress syndrome?

A
  • local pain with plantarflexion (medial tibial) or dorsiflexion (anterior tibial)
  • tenderness, heat and inflammation
57
Q

What is the complications for tibial stress syndrome?

A
  • reinjury
  • reduced performance
  • could be masking a stress fracture of the tibia
58
Q
A

UNI (18 decks)

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