Kinesiology - ankle and foot

Question 1

How many bones are there total in the foot?

Answer 1

26

Question 2

What is the name of the big toe

Answer 2

Hallux

Question 3

How many tarsal bones do we have?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Answer 4

• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• cuboid
• 3 cuneiforms

Question 5

How many metatarsals do we have?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many phalanges do we have?

Answer 6

14

Question 7

How many phalanges does each toe have?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How many phalanges does the hallux have?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What are the names of the cuneiform bones in the foot?

Answer 9

• medial cuneiform
• intermediate cuneiform
• lateral cuneiform

Question 10

What is the name for the ankle joint?

Answer 10

talocrural joint

Question 11

What joint is inbetween the talus and calcaneus

Answer 11

subtalar joint

Question 12

What kind of joint is the talocrural joint?

Answer 12

hinge joint

Question 13

Does the lateral malleolus or medial malleolus extend further

Answer 13

lateral malleolus

Question 14

How many joints are there in the foot that do not drive movement

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What are the 4 joints in the foot that do not drive movement called?

Answer 15

• metatarsophalangeal
• interphalangeal
• tarsometatarsal
• intertarsal

Question 16

How many lateral ligaments are there in the foot?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

What are the names of the 3 lateral ligaments in the foot?

Answer 17

• anterior talofibular (ATFL)
• posterior talofibular (PTFL)
• calcaneofibular (CFL)

Question 18

How many medial ligaments are there in the foot?

Answer 18

5

Question 19

What are the names of the 5 medial bones in the foot?

Answer 19

• posterior tibiotalar
• anterior tibiotalar
• tibiocalcaneal
• tibionavicular
• plantarcalcaneonavicular

Question 20

What are the 6 movements that the foot/ankle carry out?

Answer 20

• dorsiflexion
• plantarflexion
• inversion
• eversion
• pronation
• supination

Question 21

What does pronation involve (PED)

Answer 21

• eversion
• dorsiflexion

Question 22

What does supination involve (SIP)

Answer 22

• inversion
• plantarflexion

Question 23

What are the 4 muscle compartments in the foot?

Answer 23

1) anterior
2) lateral
3) deep posterior
4) superficial posterior

Question 24

What muscles are involved in superficial posterior

Answer 24

• gastrocnemius
• soleus
• plantaris

Question 25

What movements are involved in superficial posterior

Answer 25

- plantarflexion - flexion (knee) - gastrocnemius

Question 26

What muscles are involved in deep posterior

Answer 26

- flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallucis longus - tibialis posterior (popliteus)

Question 27

What movements are involved in deep posterior

Answer 27

- plantarflexion - inversion - flexion (toes)

Question 28

What muscles are involved in anterior

Answer 28

- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - peroneus tertium

Question 29

What movements are involved in anterior

Answer 29

- dorsiflexion - inversion - eversion - extension (toes)

Question 30

What muscles are involved in lateral

Answer 30

- peroneus longus (long) - peroneus brevis (short)

Question 31

What movements are involved in lateral

Answer 31

- plantarflexion - eversion

Question 32

What is the lateral origin of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 32

posterior of lateral femoral condyle

Question 33

What is the medial origin of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 33

posterior of medial femoral condyle

Question 34

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 34

posterior surface of calcaneus (via achilles tendon)

Question 35

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 35

tibial nerve

Question 36

What is the palpation of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 36

upper half of posterior lower leg

Question 37

What is the origin of the soleus?

Answer 37

posterior of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of posterior tibia

Question 38

What is the insertion of the soleus?

Answer 38

posterior of calcaneus (via achilles tendon)

Question 39

What is the innervation of the soleus?

Answer 39

tibial nerve

Question 40

What is the palpation of the soleus?

Answer 40

under gastrocnemius

Question 41

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 41

upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia

Question 42

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 42

inner surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Question 43

What is the most common foot/ankle injury?

Answer 43

ligament sprain (inversion)

Question 44

List the plantarflexors in the foot/ankle

Answer 44

- gastrocnemius - soleus - tibialis posterior - FDL - FHL - peroneus longus - peroneus brevis

Question 45

List the dorsiflexors in the foot/ankle

Answer 45

- tibialis anterior - EDL - EHL - peroneus tertius

Question 46

List the invertors in the ankle/foot

Answer 46

- tibialis anterior - tibialis posterior - FDL - FHL

Question 47

List the evertors in the ankle/foot

Answer 47

- peroneus brevis - peroneus longus - peroneus tertius - EDL

Question 48

What is a ligament sprain (inversion)?

Answer 48

- ankle ligament tear - usually 2+ together - anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular most common pairing

Question 49

What is the mechanism of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

Answer 49

- inversion and supination - usually on landing or incorrect/uncoordinated placement of the foot

Question 50

What is the management of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

Answer 50

- RICE - NSAIDs - progressive rehabilitation

Question 51

What is the presentation of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

Answer 51

- specific pain when joint is loaded/moved - tenderness and swelling to anterior and lateral regions - bruising behind and below lateral malleolus

Question 52

What is the complications of a ligament sprain (inversion)?

Answer 52

- reinjury - reduced performance

Question 53

What is tibial stress syndrome commonly known as?

Answer 53

shin splints

Question 54

What is the mechanism of tibial stress syndrome?

Answer 54

- usually caused by overuse - periostitis - acute inflammation of tendon sheath

Question 55

What is the management for tibial stress syndrome?

Answer 55

- RICE - NSAIDs - progressive rehabilitation - surface change

Question 56

What is the presentation of tibial stress syndrome?

Answer 56

- local pain with plantarflexion (medial tibial) or dorsiflexion (anterior tibial) - tenderness, heat and inflammation

Question 57

What is the complications for tibial stress syndrome?

Answer 57

- reinjury - reduced performance - could be masking a stress fracture of the tibia