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UNI > Sports science - circulatory responses to exercise > Flashcards

Sports science - circulatory responses to exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functions of the CV system?

A
  • delivery
  • removal
  • transport
  • maintenance
  • protection (white blood cells)
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2
Q

Is the CV system and open loop or closed loop system?

A

closed

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3
Q

What are the components of the CV system?

A
  • a fluid medium - BLOOD
  • a system of channels - BLOOD VESSELS
  • a pump - HEART
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4
Q

What component of blood can you measure hydration by?

A

plasma

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5
Q

What are the 2 main components of blood?

A
  • plasma (55%)
  • formed elements (45%)
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6
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A
  • water (90%)
  • plasma proteins (7%)
  • other (3%)
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7
Q

What is the formed elements made up of?

A
  • red blood cells (99%)
  • white blood cells + platelets (1%)
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8
Q

Does plasma volume increase or decrease after endurance training?

A

increase

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9
Q

Does red blood cell volume increase or decrease after endurance training?

A

decrease

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10
Q

Why does more plasma lead to easier blood flow?

A
  • less viscous
  • less resistant to flow
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11
Q

What does the vascular system consist of?

A
  • brain
  • lungs
  • heart
  • arteries
  • veins
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
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12
Q

What is the role of arterioles?

A

determine blood flow to individual organs

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13
Q

What is the importance of arterioles?

A

the redistribution of blood flow with exercise

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14
Q

What type of vessels can arterioles be referred as?

A

resistance

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15
Q

What type of vessels can the venous system be referred as?

A

capacitance

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16
Q

What is venous pooling?

A

trouble with getting blood to the brain due to hydrostatic pressure

17
Q

Is blood in the venous system at high or low pressure?

A

low

18
Q

What is the role of a muscle pump?

A
  • contraction of muscles pushes blood up the veins
  • forces blood back to the heart under pressure
19
Q

How many pumps does the heart consist of?

A

2

20
Q

What are the names of the 2 heart pumps?

A
  • pulmonary (right)
  • systemic (left)
21
Q

List the roles of arteries and arterioles

A
  • carry blood away from the heart
  • determine redistribution of blood flow during exercise
22
Q

What is the role of capillaries?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and nutrients within tissues

23
Q

List the roles of veins and venules

A
  • carry blood towards the heart
  • skeletal muscle pump, increases the amount of venous blood returning to the heart during exercise
24
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output (Q)

A

Q = heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)

25
Q

What are the 2 nervous systems?

A
  • parasympathetic
  • sympathetic
26
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

slows HR by inhibiting sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) node

27
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

increases HR by stimulating SA and AV node

28
Q

What factors affect stroke volume (SV)?

A
  • increase force of contraction = increased SV
  • increase sympathetic nervous system activation
    . effects of circulating adrenaline and noradrenaline
    . direct stimulation of the heart muscle
  • increase end diastolic volume (EDV)
    . length-tension relationship
    . increase EDV = increased stretch of ventricular sarcomeres
    . increase stretch = increased force of contraction
29
Q

What are the major factors affecting EDV?

A
  • increased activity of sympathetic nerves to veins
  • increased blood volume
  • increased skeletal muscle pump
  • increased inspiration movements
30
Q

What does cardiac output increase due to?

A
  • increased HR
  • increased SV
31
Q

Why does oxygen delivery to exercising skeletal muscle increase?

A
  • increased cardiac output
  • redistribution of blood flow from inactive organs to the contracting skeletal muscle
32
Q

Why does cardiac output increase as a linear function of oxygen during exercise?

A
  • stroke volume reaches a plateau at approximately 40% of VO2 max
  • at work rates above 40% VO2 max, the rise in cardiac output is due to increase in HR alone
33
Q
A

UNI (18 decks)

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