Kinesiology - spine and posture (CHECK) Flashcards
What are the 5 sections of the spine called?
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx
How many total vertebrae do we have in the spine?
33
How many vertebrae do we have in the cervical region?
7
How many vertebrae do we have in the thoracic region?
12
How many vertebrae do we have in the lumbar region?
5
How many vertebrae do we have in the sacrum region?
5
How many vertebrae do we have in the coccyx region?
4
Which 2 regions of the spine are fused together?
sacrum and coccyx
Which is the most superior spinal region?
cervical
Which 3 spinal regions generate movement?
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
Which 2 spinal regions generate the most movement?
- cervical
- thoracic
What are the 4 joints in the spine?
- intervertebral
- atlanto-occipital
- atlanto-axial
- sacroiliac joint(s) - there is 2
What is the atlanto-occipital joint between?
atlas (C1) and the skull
What is the atlanto-axial joint between?
the atlas and the axis (C2)
What part of the vertebrae does the spinal cord run through?
vertebral foramen
Where is the spinous process located on the vertebrae?
posterior of each vertebrae
What is the main roles of the vertebral body?
- shock absorption
- weight bearing
What does the transverse processes of the vertebrae protect?
nerve branches of the spinal cord at each at each vertebrae
What is the role of the lamina?
protection of the spinal cord
What is within the bone structure of an intervertebral joint ?
- pedicle
- superior articular process
- intervertebral disc
- vertebral body
- inferior articular facet
- inferior articular process
- transverse process
- spinous processes
- lamina
- intervertabral foramen
What is the role of the intervertebral disc?
dissipate force
Does the intervertebral discs get bigger or smaller as you go down the spine?
bigger
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12
What does the rib cage protect?
- heart
- lungs
What are the 4 movements of the spine?
- lumbar flexion
- lumbar extension
- lumbar lateral flexion to the right
- lumbar rotation to the right
What are the 2 main posterior muscles in the spine?
- erector spinae
- quadratus lumborum
What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
posterior iliac crest
What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
12th rib and transverse process of L1-L4
What region is the quadratus lumborum located in the spine?
lumbar
Where in the spine is the erector spinae located?
runs up the back from the ischium to cervical vertebrae
What are the anterior muscles in the spine?
- rectus abdominus
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- transverse abdominis
What is the origin of the external obliques?
- lower 8 ribs (laterally)
- dovetails with serratus anterior
What is the insertion of the external obliques?
- anterior iliac crest
- pubis
- inguinal ligament
What is the origin of the internal obliques?
- upper inguinal ligament
- anterior ilium
What is the insertion of the internal obliques?
- cartilage of ribs 8, 9, 10
- linea alba
Where is the transverse abdominis located?
- front of stomach
What is the roles of the transverse abdominis?
- stability
- breathing - pulls abdominis wall inwards
List the muscles in the spine that carry out lumbar lateral flexion
- erector spinae
- quadratus lumborum
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- rectus abdominus
What does ipsilateral mean?
means that the muscles are on the same side
List the muscles involved in lumbar rotation
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- rectus abdominus (each side)
- erector spinae (each side)
Which muscles in lumbar rotation are ipsilateral?
- internal obliques
- rectus abdominus
- erector spinae
Which muscle in lumbar rotation is contralateral?
external obliques
What muscles are used in lumbar rotation to the left?
- left internal oblique (ipsilateral)
- right external oblique (contralateral)
What muscles are used in lumbar rotation to the right?
- right internal oblique (ipsilateral)
- left external oblique (contralateral)
What is the injury prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID) more commonly known as?
slipped disc
What is the mechanism of PID
- age
- degeneration of the intervertebral disc
- incorrect posture
What is the management of PID
- RICE
- NSAIDs
- surgery
- steroid injection
What is the presentation of PID
- pain and stiffness
- sciatica - located in D3-D5
- gradual loss of function a few hours after jarring your back
What is the complications of PID
- long term reduction of mobility + function
- surgery more often than not is needed
