Kinesiology - spine and posture (CHECK)

Question 1

What are the 5 sections of the spine called?

Answer 1

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacrum
• coccyx

Question 2

How many total vertebrae do we have in the spine?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

How many vertebrae do we have in the cervical region?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

How many vertebrae do we have in the thoracic region?

Answer 4

12

Question 5

How many vertebrae do we have in the lumbar region?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many vertebrae do we have in the sacrum region?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

How many vertebrae do we have in the coccyx region?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Which 2 regions of the spine are fused together?

Answer 8

sacrum and coccyx

Question 9

Which is the most superior spinal region?

Answer 9

cervical

Question 10

Which 3 spinal regions generate movement?

Answer 10

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar

Question 11

Which 2 spinal regions generate the most movement?

Answer 11

• cervical
• thoracic

Question 12

What are the 4 joints in the spine?

Answer 12

• intervertebral
• atlanto-occipital
• atlanto-axial
• sacroiliac joint(s) - there is 2

Question 13

What is the atlanto-occipital joint between?

Answer 13

atlas (C1) and the skull

Question 14

What is the atlanto-axial joint between?

Answer 14

the atlas and the axis (C2)

Question 15

What part of the vertebrae does the spinal cord run through?

Answer 15

vertebral foramen

Question 16

Where is the spinous process located on the vertebrae?

Answer 16

posterior of each vertebrae

Question 17

What is the main roles of the vertebral body?

Answer 17

• shock absorption
• weight bearing

Question 18

What does the transverse processes of the vertebrae protect?

Answer 18

nerve branches of the spinal cord at each at each vertebrae

Question 19

What is the role of the lamina?

Answer 19

protection of the spinal cord

Question 20

What is within the bone structure of an intervertebral joint ?

Answer 20

• pedicle
• superior articular process
• intervertebral disc
• vertebral body
• inferior articular facet
• inferior articular process
• transverse process
• spinous processes
• lamina
• intervertabral foramen

Question 21

What is the role of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 21

dissipate force

Question 22

Does the intervertebral discs get bigger or smaller as you go down the spine?

Answer 22

bigger

Question 23

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 23

12

Question 24

What does the rib cage protect?

Answer 24

• heart
• lungs

Question 25

What are the 4 movements of the spine?

Answer 25

- lumbar flexion - lumbar extension - lumbar lateral flexion to the right - lumbar rotation to the right

Question 26

What are the 2 main posterior muscles in the spine?

Answer 26

- erector spinae - quadratus lumborum

Question 27

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 27

posterior iliac crest

Question 28

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 28

12th rib and transverse process of L1-L4

Question 29

What region is the quadratus lumborum located in the spine?

Answer 29

lumbar

Question 30

Where in the spine is the erector spinae located?

Answer 30

runs up the back from the ischium to cervical vertebrae

Question 31

What are the anterior muscles in the spine?

Answer 31

- rectus abdominus - external obliques - internal obliques - transverse abdominis

Question 32

What is the origin of the external obliques?

Answer 32

- lower 8 ribs (laterally) - dovetails with serratus anterior

Question 33

What is the insertion of the external obliques?

Answer 33

- anterior iliac crest - pubis - inguinal ligament

Question 34

What is the origin of the internal obliques?

Answer 34

- upper inguinal ligament - anterior ilium

Question 35

What is the insertion of the internal obliques?

Answer 35

- cartilage of ribs 8, 9, 10 - linea alba

Question 36

Where is the transverse abdominis located?

Answer 36

- front of stomach

Question 37

What is the roles of the transverse abdominis?

Answer 37

- stability - breathing - pulls abdominis wall inwards

Question 38

List the muscles in the spine that carry out lumbar lateral flexion

Answer 38

- erector spinae - quadratus lumborum - external obliques - internal obliques - rectus abdominus

Question 39

What does ipsilateral mean?

Answer 39

means that the muscles are on the same side

Question 40

List the muscles involved in lumbar rotation

Answer 40

- external obliques - internal obliques - rectus abdominus (each side) - erector spinae (each side)

Question 41

Which muscles in lumbar rotation are ipsilateral?

Answer 41

- internal obliques - rectus abdominus - erector spinae

Question 42

Which muscle in lumbar rotation is contralateral?

Answer 42

external obliques

Question 43

What muscles are used in lumbar rotation to the left?

Answer 43

- left internal oblique (ipsilateral) - right external oblique (contralateral)

Question 44

What muscles are used in lumbar rotation to the right?

Answer 44

- right internal oblique (ipsilateral) - left external oblique (contralateral)

Question 45

What is the injury prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID) more commonly known as?

Answer 45

slipped disc

Question 46

What is the mechanism of PID

Answer 46

- age - degeneration of the intervertebral disc - incorrect posture

Question 47

What is the management of PID

Answer 47

- RICE - NSAIDs - surgery - steroid injection

Question 48

What is the presentation of PID

Answer 48

- pain and stiffness - sciatica - located in D3-D5 - gradual loss of function a few hours after jarring your back

Question 49

What is the complications of PID

Answer 49

- long term reduction of mobility + function - surgery more often than not is needed