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alevel pe aqa > psych- personality, attitudes, arousal > Flashcards

psych- personality, attitudes, arousal Flashcards

1
Q

definition of trait theory for personality

A

a theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent and stable behaviour

nature

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2
Q

what is a trait

A

consistent and stable, it doesnt change, born with it and then adapt them

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3
Q

what is the opposite of a trait

A

a state (can change)

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4
Q

definition of the social learning approach to personality

A

this theory suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation

nurture

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5
Q

what makes up the interactionist perspective

A

predicting behaviour based on all of the theories, nature and nurture

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6
Q

definition of the interactionist perspective

A

a theory which combines trait and social learning to PREDICT behaviour in a specific situation

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7
Q

what did lewin suggest about behaviour

what is the formula, what does it mean

A

B f(PxE)
behaviour is the function of personality and the environment

allowing you to PREDICT behaviour in specific situations based on a typical response

nature and nurture

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8
Q

what did hollander suggest (3 features)q

A

personality is made up of 3 features:
core of the performer (solid unchanging belief)
typical responses
role related behaviour (changes due to situation)

nature and nurture

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9
Q

apply hollander to a sporting example

A

core OTP: works hard
typical resp: attacker
role rb: defends when told to change position by a coach

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10
Q

what can the coach do for personality: can …… potential problems and …… before …..

A

can predict potential problems are sub off before violence starts

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11
Q

what can the coach do for personality: train how to ….. with …… by creating….

A

train how to cope with problems by creating similar situations in training

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12
Q

what can the coach do for personality: change …… by ……… to adapt to …….

A

change behaviour by encouraging them to adapt to specific circumstances in training (wanting to take penalty)

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13
Q

what are attitudes

A

its what you think (your opinion) about something (an attitude object)

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14
Q

what is the model used for attitudes

A

the triadic model

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15
Q

what are the 3 components of the triadic model

A

cognitive
affective
behavioural

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16
Q

in the triadic model what is the cognitive part

A

knowledge and beliefs, most deep rooted part of the attitude

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17
Q

example of the cognitive part of the triadic model

A

i can win this game
going to the gym will get me fit

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18
Q

what is the affective part of the triadic model

A

feelings and emotions, shows when you enjoy taking part in sport

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19
Q

example of the affective part of the triadic model

A

i enjoy going to the gym

that training session was hard but i enjoyed it

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20
Q

what is the behavioural part of the triadic model

A

reflects what you do, its shown by the actions and habits of the performer - intended behaviour

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21
Q

example of the behavioural part of the triadic model

A

regular attendance at training

i go to the gym twice a week

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22
Q

what are the 2 things we can do to change attitudes

A

cognitive dissonance and persuasive communication

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23
Q

definition of cognitive dissonance

A

new information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change (relating to one area of CAB)

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24
Q

what are the 4 components of cognitive dissonance

A

challenge thinking
make activity fun
use rewards and reinforcement
use role model to encourage participation

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25
Q

for cognitive dissonance how do you challenge thinking

A

by highlighting benefits of a new technique

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26
Q

for cognitive dissonance how can you make the activity fun

A

by varying practice

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27
Q

for cognitive dissonance what are the methods of change for the cognitive part

A

challenge a belief by
point out the benefits of a new technique

28
Q

for cognitive dissonance what are the methods of change for the affective part

A

make fun of it

29
Q

for cognitive dissonance what are the methods of change for the behavioural part

A

use role models
use reinforcement

30
Q

what is persuasive communication

A

an effective communication to promote change

31
Q

why isnt it easy to change peoples attitudes

A

because they are resistant and stable

32
Q

what are the 5 things needed for persuasive communication

A

quality
relevance
high status
timing

33
Q

why is quality important for persuasive communication

A

it needs to be detailed and specific/guidance

34
Q

why is relevance important for persuasive communication

A

it needs to be relevant to the person and the situation

35
Q

why is high status important for persuasive communication

A

giver of advice needs to be high status (a role model) or an expert

36
Q

why is timing important for persuasive communication

A

timing is crucial (player poor performance is more accepting of advice

37
Q

for persuasive communication positive attitudes give ………. so learning and ……… attitude is an important way of ensuring ……

A

positive attitudes give positive outcomes so learning and controlling attitude is an important way of ensuring sporting success

38
Q

definition of arousal

A

a level of activation, a degree of readiness to perform

39
Q

what are the 3 theories of arousal

A

drive
inverted u
catastrophe (choking)

40
Q

what is the formula for drive theory

A

p f(d x h)
performance is the function of drive and habit

41
Q

for DT what is drive and what is habit

A

drive is motivation
habit is the dominate response.

42
Q

for DT what is the relationship between arousal and performance

A

as arousal increases so does performance
linear fashion/directly proportional

43
Q

DT: increased motivation means ….
more drive means ….

A

inc mot=increased drive
more drive=increased p due to increased effort

44
Q

DT: what happens at high arousal

A

less info can be processed and so performer goes into their dominate response

45
Q

DT: what happens when arousal is high for an expert

A

this is ok as the dominate response is usually correct

46
Q

DT: what happens when arousal is high for an beginner

A

often choose incorrect response therefore decreasing performance

47
Q

DT: what happens when arousal is high for complex tasks

A

require more info so dont cope as well as simple tasks when performed under high arousal

48
Q

what does IUT say about too little and too much arousal

A

they are both bad

49
Q

what does IUT say about the relationship between arousal and performance

A

as arousal increases performance increases, there is a point of optimal arousal and then a decrease in performance is seen

50
Q

what are the 4 factors influencing the IUT

A

experience: novice or expert

personality: int or extrovert

skill type: gross or fine

complexity: complex or simple

51
Q

IUT: difference between novice and expert

A

expert usually selects correct dominate response meaning they can operate at higher levels of arousal.

novice has a lower optimal arousal, and doesnt cope well with high arousal

52
Q

IUT: what is the difference between extrovert and introvert

A

extroverts are happy at high arousal
introverts prefer low levels of arousal.

due to levels of adrenaline and how to cope with it

53
Q

IUT: what is the difference between gross and fine

A

gross: large musc groups eg rowing = high arousal

fine: finer skills eg table tennis return = low arousal

54
Q

IUT: what is the difference between complex and simple

A

complex needs decision making and needs low arousal to help with the processing

simple has less decisions and can cope with higher arousal levels

55
Q

what are the 2 types of anxiety involved with CT

A

cognitive and somatic

56
Q

what is cognitive anxiety

A

psychological anxiety, eg loss of concentration and worry about performance

57
Q

what is somatic anxiety

A

physiological anxiety eg increased heart rate, muscular tension, difficulty breathing

58
Q

what does CT say about the relationship between arousal and performance

A

adaptation of IUT, increased arousal causes performance to peak at an optimal level but rather than a gradual deterioration (iut) there is a dramatic decline

59
Q

CT: what is the dramatic decline in performance due to

A

somatic and cognitive anxiety

60
Q

CT: the dramatic decline can be reversed if…..

A

they calm down, reduce panic reducing arousal

61
Q

what is the zone of optimal functioning

A

the level of optimal performance

it varies for individual players.,

the best level of arousal for max CONFIDENCE and CONTROL is a “zone”

62
Q

to find the zone of optimal functioning performers need to (4)

A

mental practice
relaxation
visualisation
positive self talk

63
Q

what is the peak flow experience

A

in the zone of optimal functioning, things seem to flow effortlessly, high confidence, calm under a lot of pressure, total control, total focus, strong beliefs

64
Q

what is the peak flow experience affected by

A

level of mental prep
level of arousal
pressure from crowd
frustration caused by ref
injury or fatigue

65
Q

what is peak flow experience promoted by

A

+ mental attitude
high confidence
relaxed control of anxiety

66
Q
A

alevel pe aqa (24 decks)

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