Spleen WB Flashcards
results from failure of fusion of separate splenic masses forming on the dorsal mesogastrium; most commonly found in the splenic hilum or along the splenic vessels or associated ligaments
accessory spleen (splenunculus)
a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in organs and tissue
amyloidosis
anemia caused by antibodies produced by the patient’s own immune system
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
process by which the spleen removes abnormal red blood cells as they pass through
culling
red blood cell
erythrocyte
one of the ligaments between the stomach and spleen that helps to hold the spleen in place
gastrosplenic ligament
one of the storage diseases in which fat and proteins are deposited abnormally in the body
Gaucher’s disease
blood cell production
hematopoiesis
oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells
hemoglobin
anemia resulting from hemolysis of red blood cells
hemolytic anemia
pigment released from the hemoglobin process
hemosiderin
a malignant disease that involves lymphoid tissue
Hodgkin’s disease
an interruption in the blood supply to an area that may lead to necrosis of the area
infarction
within the peritoneal cavity
intraperitoneal
left upper quadrant of the abdomen that contains the left lobe of the liver, the spleen, and the stomach
left hypochondrium
abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles; may be drug induced
leukopenia
ligament between the spleen and kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach
lienorenal ligament
an alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels
lymph
follicles in the white pulp of the spleen, containing many lymphocytes
malpighian corpuscles
an acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that most commonly affects teenagers and young adults; symptoms include fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, abnormal lymphocysts, and hepatosplenomegaly
mononucleosis
a malignant disease of lymphoid tissue seen with increased frequency in individuals older than 50 years of age
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
process by which the red pulp destroys the degenerating red blood cells
phagocytosis
one of the ligaments between the spleen and the splenic flexure of the colon
phrenocolic ligament
process by which the spleen removes nuclei from blood cells without destroying the erythrocytes
pitting
an excess of red blood cells
polycythemia
chronic, life-shortening condition of unknown cause involving bone marrow elements; characterized by an increase in red blood cell mass and hemoglobin concentration
polycythemia vera
condition in which more than one spleen is present
polysplenia
consists of reticular cells and fibers (cords of Billroth); surrounds the splenic sinuses
red pulp
certain phagocytic cells (found in the liver and spleen) make up the reticuloendothelial system (RES); plays a role in the synthesis of blood proteins and hemopoiesis
reticuloendothelial
inherited disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that causes an abnormality of the globin genes in hemoglobin
sickle cell anemia
condition in sickle cell anemia in which the sickled cells interfere with oxygen transport, obstruct capillary blood flow, and cause fever and severe pain in the joints and abdomen
sickle cell crisis
condition in which erythrocytes assume a spheroid shape; hereditary
spherocytosis
branch of the celiac axis; tortuous course toward the spleen; serves as the superior border of the pancreas
splenic artery
located in the middle of the spleen; site where vessels and lymph nodes enter and exit the spleen
splenic hilum
long irregular channels lined by endothelial cells or flattened reticular cells
splenic sinuses
leaves the splenic hilum, travels transversely through the upper abdomen to join with the superior mesenteric vein to form the main portal vein; serves as the posterior medial border of the pancreas
splenic vein
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
group of hereditary anemias occurring in Asian and Mediterranean populations
thalassemia
spleen that has migrated from its normal location in the left upper quadrant
wandering spleen
consists of lymphatic tissue and lymphatic follicles
white pulp
complete absence of the spleen
splenic agenesis
defend the body by destroying invading microorganisms & their toxins
white blood cell
The spleen is part of the reticuloendothelial system and is the largest single mass of ______ tissue in the body.
lymphoid
The spleen is a(n) _______ organ, covered with peritoneum over its entire extent except for a small area at its hilum, where the vascular structures and lymph nodes are located.
intraperitoneal
The spleen is normally measured with ultrasound on a longitudinal image from the ______ margin to the ______ margin at the long axis.
upper, inferior
________ may occur as part of asplenic or polysplenia syndrome in association with complex cardiac malformations, bronchopulmonary abnormalities, or visceral heterotaxis.
splenic agenesis
A(n) ________ is usually found near the hilum or inferior border of the spleen but has been reported elsewhere in the abdominal cavity.
accessory spleen
The _______ indicates the percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood.
hematocrit
The term _____ indicates bacteria in the bloodstream.
sepsis
The increase in the number of white blood cells present in the blood that is a typical finding of infection is called ______.
leukocytosis
Sonographically the splenic parenchyma should have a fine homogeneous _______, as is seen within the liver parenchyma.
low-level echo pattern
Systemic venous congestion is found in cardiac decompensation involving the _______ side of the heart.
right
In infants and children in crisis, the earlier stage of _______, the spleen is enlarged with marked congestion of the red pulp.
sickle cell anemia
Patients with hepatosplenic _______ may show irregular masses within the spleen, the “wheels-within-wheels” pattern, with outer wheel representing the ring of fibrosis surrounding the inner echogenic wheel of inflammatory cells and a central hypoechoic area.
candidiasis
If the patient has severe left upper quadrant pain secondary to trauma, a splenic ______ or a(n) _______ hematoma should be considered.
hematoma, subcupsular
the splenic vein leaves the hilum of the spleen
anterior view of the spleen as it lies in the left hypochondrium
sagittal plane of the spleen and left kidney
a yound male presented w/ vague epigastric pain. US revealed an anomaly. in the scan over the LUQ, what is the sonographic findings?
accessory spleen- a small accessory spleen projects from the hilum of the spleen
the patient had LUQ pain and fever for 1 week before aUS exam. what is your sonographic findings?
spleen is enlarged, w/ multiple inhomogeneous texture masses w/ in the parenchyma which represents lymphoma
these images over LUQ demonstrate what?
spleenomegaly
describre the abnormality in the spleen in this pt w/ fever & chills for 3 weeks
a large splenic abscess is seen within the splenic parenchyma
a 20 year old presents to the ER after a bicycle accident. based on this image, what are your sonographic findings?
seperation of the splenic capsule from the spleen secondary to a large hematoma
is this the spleen or liver & why?
the liver - you can see the hepatic and portal veins
