Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABDOMINAL II (DMS 122) > THYROID & PARATHYROID WB W/ IMAGES > Flashcards

THYROID & PARATHYROID WB W/ IMAGES Flashcards

1
Q

benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

A

adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in middle age

A

anaplastic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

remnant of embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck

A

branchial cleft cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a thyroid hormone that is important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland

A

euthyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

use of a fine-gauge needle to obtain cells from a mass

A

fine-needle aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the thyroid gland

A

follicular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse; multiple nodules may be present

A

goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter, exophthalmos (bulging eyes), and cutaneous manifestations

A

Graves’ disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma

A

hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oversecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

low phosphatase level, which can be seen with hyperparathyroidism

A

hypophosphatasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

undersecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobes of the gland

A

isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

wedge-shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes

A

longus colli muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

disorder characterized by localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels

A

lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies

A

medullary carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tiny echogenic foci within a nodule that may or may not shadow

A

microcalcifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nodular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism

A

multinodular goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

degenerative nodules within the thyroid

A

nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common form of thyroid malignancy

A

papillary carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid glands, which regulate serum calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

enlargement of multiple parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

oversecretion of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

present in a small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus

A

pyramidal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism

A

serum calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

large muscles anterolateral to the thyroid

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles

30
Q

group of three muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid) that lie anterior to the thyroid

A

strap muscles

31
Q

viral infection of the thyroid that causes inflammation

A

subacute (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis

32
Q

congenital anomalies that present in midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

33
Q

inflammation of the thyroid

A

thyroiditis

34
Q

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

35
Q

The thyroid straddles the trachea anteriorly, whereas the paired lobes extend on either side bounded laterally by the __________ arteries and __________ veins.

A

carotid, jugular

36
Q

Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the __________ muscles, including the sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.

37
Q

The parathyroid glands are normally located on the __________ surface of the thyroid gland.

A

posterior medial

38
Q

The parathyroid glands are the ___________ organs in the body.

A

calcium-sensing

39
Q

The parathyroid glands produce __________ and monitor the serum calcium feedback mechanism.

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

40
Q

When the serum calcium level ___________, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.

41
Q

PTH acts on ___________, __________, and intestine to enhance calcium absorption.

A

bone, kidney

42
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by __________, hypercalciuria, and low serum levels of phosphate.

A

hypercalcemia

43
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when increased amounts of PTH are produced by a(n) __________, primary hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma located in the parathyroid gland.

44
Q

A chronic hypocalcemia caused by renal failure, vitamin D deficiency (rickets), or malabsorption syndromes is __________ hyperparathyroidism.

45
Q

The thyroid gland is the part of the endocrine system that maintains body ___________, ___________, and ___________ through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones.

A

metabolism, growth, and development

46
Q

These hormones include triiodothyronine (__________), thyroxine (__________), and __________.

A

T3, T4, and calcitonin

47
Q

The mechanism for producing thyroid hormones is __________ metabolism.

48
Q

When the body needs thyroid hormone, it is released into the bloodstream by the action of thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (__________), which is produced by the pituitary gland.

49
Q

The secretion of TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing factor, which is produced by the __________.

A

hypothalamus

50
Q

The concentration of calcium in the blood is decreased by __________, which first acts on the bone to inhibit its breakdown.

A

calcitonin

51
Q

Low intake of iodine (goiter) in the body may cause either __________, or the inability of the thyroid to produce the proper amount of thyroid hormone, or a problem in the pituitary gland that does not control the thyroid production.

A

hypothyroidism

52
Q

How the thyroid is functioning is evaluated by ___________.

A

nuclear medicine

53
Q

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is a(n) __________, which is often visible on the anterior neck.

54
Q

One of the most common forms of thyroid disease is __________.

A

multinodular goiter

55
Q

__________ is characterized by these findings: hypermetabolism, diffuse toxic goiter, exophthalmos (inflammatory infiltration of the orbital tissue resulting in proptosis, or bulging of the eyes), and cutaneous manifestations (thickening of the dermis of the pretibial areas and the dorsum of the feet).

A

Graves’ disease

56
Q

A benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation is a(n) __________.

57
Q

The most common of the thyroid malignancies is __________ of the thyroid and is the preponderant cause of thyroid cancer in children.

A

papillary cancer

58
Q

The normal thyroid gland has a fine __________ echotexture that is more echogenic that the surrounding muscle structure.

A

homogeneous

59
Q

A normal lymph node is oval in shape with a(n) __________ texture with a central core echo complex.

A

homogeneous

60
Q

The ___________ muscle is posterior and lateral to each thyroid lobe and appears as a hypoechoic triangular structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae.

A

longus colli

61
Q

The metabolic rate is dramatically increased __________; clinical signs include weight loss, increased appetite, high degree of nervous energy, tremor, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and palpitations, and many patients show signs of exophthalmos (protruding eyes).

A

hyperthyroidism

62
Q

IMAGE

63
Q

*IMAGE

a 44 year old frmale presented w/ a palpable mass in her neck. Id the sonographic findings?

A

a solid mass of the thyroid which proved to be papillary carcinoma w/ biopsy (note the microcalcifications)

64
Q

IMAGE

an asymptomatic female patient appeared w/ a mass in her neck. Id the sonographic findings.

A

a well defined Adenoma w/ a cystic component w/ a hypoechoic halo is seen on the right lobe

65
Q

Image

a young woman presented w/ a palpable amss in her neck. describe the sonographic findings.

A

multinodular goiter is seen as an inhomogeneous enlarged tissue mass w/in the thyroid gland.

Color Doppler shows increased vascularity

66
Q

image

Id the structure measured by the cross marks

A

isthmus

transverse view - inferior border of the thyroid

67
Q

IMAGE

label # 1-6

A
  1. thyroid cartilage
  2. cricoid cartilage
  3. pyramidal lobe*
  4. isthmus*
  5. parathyroid gland
  6. trachea

*pyramidal lobe & isthmus = thyroid gland

68
Q

Image

label # 7-12

A
  1. inferior thyroid vein
  2. common carotid artery
  3. middle thyroid vein
  4. internal jugular vein
  5. superior thyroid vein
  6. superior thyroid artery
69
Q

image

label # 1-4

A
  1. thyroid gland
  2. **sternohyoid ** **2, 3, 4 make up the STRAP MUSCLES**
  3. **omohyoid
  4. **sternothyroid
70
Q

image

label # 5-9

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid muscle
  2. minor neurovascular bundle
  3. esophagus
  4. longus colli muscle
  5. vertebral body (C5)
71
Q

image

label # 10-12

A
  1. inferior thyroid artery
  2. common carotid artery
  3. internal jugular vein
72
Q

image

label # 13-15

A
  1. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  2. parathyroid gland
  3. trachea

ABDOMINAL II (DMS 122) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions