Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABDOMINAL II (DMS 122) > GI WB W/ IMAGES > Flashcards

GI WB W/ IMAGES Flashcards

1
Q

List the sequential parts of the digestive system.

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and large intestine (cecum;ascending, transverse, and descending colon; and rectum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lower end of the esophagus is a circular muscle that acts as a sphincter, constricting the tube so that the entrance to the stomach, at the _______, is generally closed. This helps to prevent gastric acid from moving up into the esophagus.

A

Cardiac orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The pylorus is further subdivided into the _____ , the _____canal, and the ______ sphincter.

A

antrum, pyloric, pyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The duodenal bulb is peritoneal, supported by the hepatoduodenal, and passes ________ to the common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and head of the pancreas.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to enter the_______.

A

ampulla of vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The arteries that supply the esophagus include the inferior _____ branch of the ______ artery that supplies the upper esophagus; the descending _______ aorta that supplies the midesophagus; and the ______ branch of the celiac axis and the left inferior ______ artery of the abdominal aorta that supplies the lower end of the esophagus.

A

Thyroid, subclavian, thoracic, gastric, phrenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ______ outlines the small intestine and contains the superior mesenteric vessels, nerves, lymphatic glands, and fat between its two layers.

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The nutrients are transported to the liver after they are absorbed by the _____ ; the liver processes ans stores the nutrients.

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The three layers of smooth muscle in the wall enable the stomach to mash and churn food and move it along with_____.

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gastric glands secrete gastric juice containing________ acid and ______

A

hyrochloric, enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The hormone _____ , which is released by the stomach mucosa, stimulates gastric acid secretion.

A

gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gastrointestinal hormones include ________ and ________.

A

choleystokinin, secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

______ within the large intestine devour the chyme and it turn produce vitamins that can be absorbed and used by the body.

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The most common laboratory data the sonographer may come across in a patient with gastrointestinal disease relate to the presence of _____ in the stool.

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

As a result of chronic blood loss, ____ may be present.

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The _________ junction is seen on the sagittal scan to the left of the midline as a bull’s-eye or target-shaped structure anterior to the aorta, posterior to the left lobe of the liver, and inferior to the hemidiaphram.

A

gastroesophgeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The gastric _____ can be seen as a target shape at the midline.

A

antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The sonographer usually cannot see the small bowel with ultrasound; the valvulae conniventes may be seen as linear echo densities spaced 3 to 5 mm apart. This is called the _______ and can be seen in the duodenum and jejunum.

A

“keyboard sign”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The appendix is located on the abdominal wall under _________

A

McBurney’s point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.

A

abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

process of nutrient molecules passing through wall of intestine into blood or lymph system.

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine.

A

alimentary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

A

appendicolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

A

cardiac orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

A

cholecystokinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

inflammation of the bowl, accompanied by abscess and bowl wall thickining

A

Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine, or most commonly, the colon

A

diverticulum

29
Q

first part of the duodenum

A

duodenal bulb

30
Q

calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

A

fecalith

31
Q

endocrine hormone released from the stomach (stimulates secretion of gastric acid)

A

gastrin

32
Q

helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

gastrohepatic ligament

33
Q

helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic & lienorenal ligaments

34
Q

ligament between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

35
Q

double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach; known as the fatty apron

A

greater omentum

36
Q

normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

A

haustra

37
Q

collection of blood

A

hemorrhage

38
Q

ascending colon rises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

A

hepatic flexure

39
Q

membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

40
Q

ligament between the spleen and the kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

lienorenal ligament

41
Q

malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver

A

lymphoma

42
Q

located by drawling a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix

A

McBurney’s point

43
Q

site of maximum tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually seen with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s sign

44
Q

congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

45
Q

a fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

46
Q

fifth layer of bowel

A

mesothelium

47
Q

first layer of bowel

A

mucosa

48
Q

third layer of bowel

A

muscularis

49
Q

dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis

A

paralytic ileus

50
Q

rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it

A

peristalsis

51
Q

a small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

A

polyp

52
Q

muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

A

pyloric canal

53
Q

inner folds of the stomach wall

A

rugae

54
Q

released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

A

secretin

55
Q

forth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowl loops

A

serosa

56
Q

the transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

A

splenic flexure

57
Q

one of the layers of the bowl, under the mucosal layer, contains blood vessels and lymph channels

A

submucosa

58
Q

characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

A

target sign

59
Q

normal segmentation of the small bowel

A

valvulae conniventes

60
Q

inner folds of the small intestine

A

villi

61
Q

Describe the technique sonographers use to observe the upper GI tract

A
  • drink 10-40 oz of H2O through a straw after baseline study of the upper ABD (the straw helps reduce air ingestion)
  • Pt. is in upright position (causes air to rise to stomach fundus)
  • lower GI tract requires no prep
  • to image lower colon, pt may be given a H2O enema
62
Q

describe the measures that should be taken if a patient presents with a “cystic” mass in the LUQ

A

several measurements can be taken to determine if the mass is the fluid-filled stomach or another mass arising from adjacent organs.

  1. give pt. a carbonated drink to see bubbles in the stomach
  2. ask the clinician to place a nasogastric tube for drainage
  3. watch for “stomach” to change shape or size w/ ingestion of fluids
  4. alter pt position - scan in upright or left or right lateral decubitus position
  5. watch for peristalsis
  6. ask the patient to drink water to see the swirling effect.
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q

id the anatomic structure signified by the arrows

duodenum, when filled w/ small amount of fluid (arrows)

*serves as excellent landmark for the pancreas head

A

id the anatomy that is demonstrated in these images of the small bowel.

valvulae conniventes

67
Q

id the internal structures that are demonstrated in these images of the stomach

A.) Sagital image: fluid filled stomach w/ rugae may be seen along the peripheral margins of the wall

B.) Transverse image of stomach and rugae

A

This image represents what structure?

collapsed stomach

68
Q

id the structures demonstrated in the images recorded over the RLQ

fluid filled loops of bowel

A

Young patient presents with exquisite tenderness over the RUQ. What are the sonographic findings?

Appendicitis

ABDOMINAL II (DMS 122) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions