Scrotum WB Flashcards
terminal intratesticular artery arising from the capsular arteries
centripetal artery
small artery arising from the inferior epigastric artery (a branch of the external iliac artery), which supplies the peritesticular tissue, including the cremasteric muscle
cremasteric artery
an extension of the internal oblique muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord; contraction of the cremasteric muscle shortens the spermatic cord and elevates the testis
cremasteric muscle
also called undescended testes; testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac
cryptorchidism
arises from the vesicle artery (a branch of the internal iliac artery) and supplies the vas deferens and epididymis
deferential artery
connect the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens to the urethra at the verumontanum
ejaculatory ducts
cyst filled with clear, serous fluid located in the epididymis
epididymal cyst
anatomic structure formed by the network of ducts leaving the mediastinum testis that combine into a single, convoluted epididymal tubule; located on the posterolateral aspect of the testis; the epididymis consists of the head, the body, and the tail; spermatozoa mature and accumulate within the epididymis
epididymis
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
blood located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
hematocele
fluid formed between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple thin septations within the testicle; the septations are invaginations of the tunica albuginea
mediastinum testis
plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins; when a varicocele is present, dilation and tortuosity may develop
pampiniform plexus
the internal and external pudendal arteries partially supply the scrotal wall and epididymis and occasionally the lower pole of the testis
pudendal artery
pus located between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
pyocele
terminal ends of the centripetal (intratesticular) arteries that curve backward toward the capsule
recurrent rami
network of channels formed by the convergence of the straight seminiferous tubules in the mediastinum testis; these channels drain into the head of the epididymis
rete testis
sac containing the testes and epididymis
scrotum
reservoirs for sperm located posterior to the bladder
seminal vesicles
multiple septa formed from the tunica albuginea that course toward the mediastinum testis and separate the testicle into lobules
septa testis
structure made up of vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum
spermatic cord
cyst in the vas deferens containing sperm
spermatocele
male gonad that produces hormones that induce masculine features and spermatozoa
testicle
artery arising from the aorta just distal to each renal artery; it divides into two major branches, supplying the testis medially and laterally
testicular artery
the pampiniform plexus forms each testicular vein; the right testicular vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein
testicular vein
inner fibrous membrane surrounding the testicle
tunica albuginea
membrane consisting of a visceral layer (adherent to the testis) and a parietal layer (adherent to the scrotum) lining the inner wall of the scrotum; a potential space between these layers is where hydroceles may develop
tunica vaginalis
small membranous canal that extends from the bladder to the end of the penis
urethra
dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return from the testicle
varicocele
tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle
vas deferens
junction of the ejaculatory ducts with the urethra
verumontanum
The testes are symmetric, oval-shaped glands residing in the ______
scrotum
The seminiferous tubules converge at the apex of each lobule and anastomose to form the ________in the mediastinum.
rete testis
The largest part of the epididymis is the ______, measuring 6 to 15 mm in width.
head
The ductus epididymis becomes the ________ and continues in the spermatic cord.
vas deferens
The testis is completely covered by a dense, fibrous tissue termed the ________.
tunica albuginea
The _________ supports the ducts coursing within the testis.
mediastinum
The space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis is where ________ can form.
hydroceles
The _______ is a continuation of the ductus _______.
vas defernes, epididymis
The vas deferns dilates at the terminal portion near ______
seminal vesicles
Right and left testicular arteries arise from the ________ just below the level of the renal arteries.
abdominal aorta
Venous drainage of the scrotum occurs through the veins of the _________ plexus.
panpiniform
Power doppler is often used as a way to quickly get to a sensitive setting that will demonstrate _______ flow.
slow
The most important goal of the ultrasound examination in testicular trauma is to determine if ________ has occurred.
rupture
An acute hematocele is __________ with numerous, highly visible echoes that can be seen to float or move in real time.
echogenic
The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is _________ infection of the epididymis and testis
epididymo-orchitis
The normal epididymis shows ______ flow with color doppler.
little
With epididymitis, Doppler waveforms demonstrate _______ velocities in both systole and diastole. A low resistance waveform pattern is present.
increased
Hydroceles are found around the ______ aspect of the testis.
anterolateral
________ of the spermatic cord occurs as a result of abnormal mobility of the testis within the scrotum.
torsion
The ______ anomaly occurs when the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis, epididymis, and distal spermatic cord, allowing them to move and rotate freely within the scrotum.
Bell Clapper
Torsion is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in __________
adolescents
A(n) _________ of perfusion in the symptomatic testis with normal perfusion demonstrated in the asymptomatic side is considered to be diagnostic torsion.
absence
Extratesticular cysts are found in the tunica ______ or epididymis.
albuginea
________ are usually caused nu incompetent venous valves within the spermatic vein.
varicoceles
Omental hernias appear ________ because of the omental fat
echogenic
A(n) ________ contains serous fluid and is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling.
hydroceles
Testicular cancer occurs most frequently between the ages of ________ years.
20-34
Patients with ________ testes are 2.5 to 8 times more likely to develop cancer.
undescended
These masses called ________ are usually benign, whereas ________ masses are more likely to be malignant.
extratesticular, intratesticular
The term _________ describes a condition in which the testis has not descended into the scrotum and cannot be brought into the scrotum with external manipulation.
undescended testis or cryptochidism
*describe the sonographic findings on this image of the tunica vaginalis
hydrocele between the parietal and tunica layers of the tunica vaginalis
*what is the arrow pointing to?
A extratesticular cystic mass superior and lateral to the right testis (this is consistant with spermatocele and epididymal cyst
B. shows a stalk connecting the cyst to the head of the epididymitis. this confirms pedumculated cystic appendix epididymis
*what is the abnormality
dilated tubules of the reste testis in the area of the mediastinum
*what structure is the arrow pointing to?
testis mediastinum
