Retro lecture

Question 1

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Answer 1

Question 2

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Answer 2

B) axial section of the LUQ just caudal to the pancreatic tail.

• the anterior pararenal space is subtended ventrally by the posterior peritoneum and dorsolaterally by the anterior renal fascia and lateroconal fascia.
• the posterior pararenal spacee is demarcated ventrally by the posterior perirenal fascia and lateroconal fascia and dorsolaterally by transversalis fascia

Question 3

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Answer 3

• the adrenal glands are retroperitoneal organs that lie on the upper pole of each kidney. they are surrounded by perinephric fat.
• the right adrenal gland is triangular and caps the upperpole of the right kidney.
• the left adrenal gland is semilunar and extrnds along the medial borders of the left kidney. it lies posterior to the pancreas, the lesser sac, and the stomach and rests posteriorly on the diaphragm

Question 4

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Answer 4

Question 5

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lymphatic chain along the aorta and iliac artery

Question 6

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Illustration of the lateroconal fascia

Question 7

Addison’s Disease

• Hormone secreted:
• Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 7

• Hormone secreted: Hyposecretion of cortisol, aldosterone
• Distinguishing Characteristics: increases when there is stress or trauma
  
  • hypotension
  • general weakness
  • loss of appetite
  • hyperpigmentation (bronzing)
  • may have renal failure

Question 8

Adrenogenital Syndrome

Hormone secreted:

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 8

Hormone secreted: excessive secretion of androgens (male) or estrogen (female)

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• prepubertal males: accelerate adult masculine development & growth of pubic hair
• females: masculine characteristics

Question 9

Conn’s Syndrome

Hormone secreted:

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 9

Hormone secreted: excessive secretion of aldosterone

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• cortical adenoma
• carcinoma

Question 10

Cushing’s Syndrome

Hormone secreted:

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 10

Hormone secreted: excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• hyperplasia
• benign tumor
• carcinoma

Question 11

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Hormone secreted:

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 11

Hormone secreted: –

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• bilateral hemorrhage into adrenal glands

Question 12

Medulla tumor (Pheochromocytoma)

Hormone secreted:

Distinguishing Characteristics:

Answer 12

Hormone secreted: excesive secretion of epinepherine and norepinepherine

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• intermittent hypertension
• large tumor with varied sonographic pattern (cystic, solid, calcified components)