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Sem 3: BacT > Spirochetes - Muller > Flashcards

Spirochetes - Muller Flashcards

1
Q

Shape of spirochetes?

A

Spiral or helical

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2
Q

How is borrelia spp transmitted?

A

Arthropod vectors

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3
Q

What are the most common mammals involved in maintaining the lifecycle of Borrelia spp?

A

Deer and white footed mice

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4
Q

_______ serve as a host for ticks breeding and allow for spacial distribution of ticks to spread Borrelia spp

A

Deer

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5
Q

Spirochete spp with hooked ends?

A

Leptospira

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6
Q

_______ spp of bacteria causes Lyme disease in North America

A

B. burgdorferi sensu stricto

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7
Q

Lyme Borreliosis is reported in?

A

Humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep

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8
Q

Vector involved in Lyme Borreliosis?

A

Ixodes ticks

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of Lyme Borreliosis?

A
  1. Spirochetes are in midgut of the tick prior to feeding
  2. During feeding the bacT moves to the salivary glands of the tick
  3. Spirochetes enter skin and multiply in skin of host
  4. Causes a rash in humans
  5. Moves from skin to blood
  6. Moves to joints, brain, nerves, eyes, liver, kidney, heart
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10
Q

How long must the tick attach to the host to transmit Lyme Borreliosis?

A

24-48 hours

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11
Q

CS associated with lyme in dogs?

A

Arthritis, Arthralgia, lameness, fever, lethargy

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12
Q

CS associated with lyme disease in humans?

A

Flu-like illness, skin rash

can invade the brain, nerves, heart, joints - permanent nerve damage and arthritis

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13
Q

True or False: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is reportable and fatal

A

FALSE - it is reportable!! but not fatal

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14
Q

What protein can be found in late stages of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

A

OspF

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15
Q

Co infections with _______________ complicate diagnosis of Lyme disease in dogs and horses

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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16
Q

CS associated with horses with lyme disease?

A

Fever, stiffness, Lameness in multiple limbs, muscle tenderness

Recurrent uveitis ***IMPT

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17
Q

What bacteria cause recurrent uveitis in horses?

A

B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (Lyme disease)

AND Leptospirosis

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18
Q

Why is PCR not useful for diagnosing Lyme disease?

A

Spirochetes present in low numbers in clinically affected animals (incidental host)

Can only use in early stages in humans

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19
Q

What protein can be found in early infections of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

A

OspC

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20
Q

What protein can be found in the intermediate stages of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto?

A

OspC and OspF

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21
Q

What is the Lyme vaccine made of?

A

OspA protein

Norbivac vax has OspA and OspC

22
Q

Pathogenic Brachyspira species in pigs?

A

B. hyodysenteriae

23
Q

Brachyspira colonize in what part of the host?

A

Intestines

24
Q

How is Brachyspira transmitted in pigs?

A

Fecal oral, asymp carrier pigs

Rodents amplify disease

Can be transmitted by mechanical vectors (boots, vehicles, birds, etc)

25
Q

CS associated with B. hyodysenteriae?

A

Bloody mucus diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, emaciation in pigs

26
Q

How to diagnose B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  1. Fecal sample or tissues stained with Giemsa or silver stain
  2. Anaerobic culture
  3. PCR
27
Q

Swine dysentery is caused by what bacteria?

A

B. hyodysenteriae

28
Q

What leptospira serovar has a dog as the maintenance host?

A

Canicola

29
Q

What leptospira serovar has a horse as the maintenance host?

A

Bratislava

30
Q

What leptospira serovar has a cow as the maintenance host?

A

Hardjo

31
Q

What leptospira serovar has rats as the maintenance host?

A

Icterohaemorrhagiae - main one

32
Q

What leptospira serovar has a pig as the maintenance host?

A

Pomona

33
Q

How does leptospira infect the host?

A

Penetrates soft skin or through intact mucous membranes

34
Q

When do Ab appear in a lepto infection?

A

After 10 days of infection

35
Q

Where does lepto cause acute and chronic inflammation?

A

Liver and kidneys

36
Q

CS associated with lepto in humans?

A

Flu, renal, pulmonary, hepatic, and CNS disease

37
Q

Cattle are incidental hosts for what serovars of lepto?

A
  1. Pomona
  2. Grippotyphosa
  3. Icterohaemorrhagiae
38
Q

What incidental infection of lepto can result in bovine and mare abortions?

A

Pomona

39
Q

CS associated with a horse infected with Pomona serovar?

A
  1. Abortion
  2. Renal disease in young horses
  3. Equine recurrent uveitis (Moon blindness)
40
Q

Pigs are incidental hosts of what lepto serovars?

A
  1. Icterohaemorrhagiae
  2. Copenhageni

**rat adapted serovars
** FATAL in young pigs

41
Q

CS associated with Pomona in pigs?

A
  1. Repro failure, abortions and still birth
42
Q

Pomona serovar is endemic in California __________

A

Sea lions

43
Q

Who is most at risk for Canicola?

A
  1. Older male dogs 4-7 yrs old
  2. Hunting dogs
  3. Young pups get severe renal disease
44
Q

Biggest spirochete spp?

A

Borrelia

45
Q

What protein is over expressed when B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is in the midgut of the tick?

A

Osp A

46
Q

What protein is over expressed when B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is in the salivary glands of the tick?

A

OspC

** during feeding, protects borrelia in tick saliva and in early stages of dz

47
Q

When would PCR be used to diagnose Lyme disease?

A

In rats or the tick only - high bacteremia

48
Q

Ideal way to diagnose Lyme disease in dogs and horses?

A

Multiplex ELISA - tests OspA, OspC, OspF

49
Q

Which ELISA is used for lepto?

A

MAT

50
Q

Which ELISA test is used for Borrelia?

A

Multiplex ELISA

Sem 3: BacT (16 decks)

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