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Sem 3: BacT > Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli (E.coli) - Gutierrez > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli (E.coli) - Gutierrez Flashcards

1
Q

What bacteria type can grow on MacConkey agar?

A

Gram neg

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2
Q

Virulence factors in Gram negative bacteria?

A
  1. LPS endotoxin (Lipid A)
  2. Fimbriae
  3. Capsule
  4. Flagella
  5. Toxins
  6. Siderophores
  7. Adhesions
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3
Q

What are the fecal coliforms?

A
  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Enterobacter spp.
  3. Klebsiella spp
  4. Citrobacter spp.
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4
Q

_______ refer to enterobacteriaceae that ferment lactose

A

Coliforms

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5
Q

Major pathogenic enterobacteriaceae spp that infect animals?

A
  1. Yersinia
  2. E. coli
  3. Salmonella
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6
Q

Opportunistic enterobacteriaceae spp?

A
  1. Klebsiella
  2. Proteus
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7
Q

Which part of the LPS from gram negative bacteria is known as an endotoxin?

A

Lipid A

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8
Q

Most strains of E.coli are ___________

A

Commensals

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9
Q

How does an animal acquire E.coli?

A

Rapid acquisition from the environment

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10
Q

The concentration of E. coli is higher in which part of the body?

A

Large intestines

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11
Q

E. coli vs the environment?

A
  • Survives well in environment but usually does not multiply
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12
Q

What are the intestinal pathogenic E.coli?

A
  1. ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli
  2. EPEC: Enteropathogenic E.coli
  3. EHEC: Enterohemorragic E.coli
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13
Q

Virulence factors associated with ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli?

A
  1. Enterotoxins
  2. Adhesions
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14
Q

ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli infects what animal species?

A
  1. Calves
  2. Piglets
  3. Lambs
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15
Q

CS associated with ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli?

A

severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, death

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16
Q

When can CS be seen with ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli ?

A

First few days after birth in calves, lambs, and piglets

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17
Q

Disease in piglets caused by ETEC: Enterotoxigenic E.coli?

A
  1. Neonatal diarrhea
  2. Post weaning disease
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18
Q

ETEC in piglets depends on?

A

The equilibrium between maternal immunity and infection pressure

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19
Q

How can piglets become more susceptible to ETEC?

A
  1. Low birth weight
  2. Too many piglets per sow
  3. Low hygiene
  4. Other infections
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20
Q

In newborns, when can infection with ETEC begin?

A

1st few days after birth

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21
Q

Lipid A endotoxin results in what clinical sign?

A

Fever

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22
Q

True or False: Bacteria forming pedestals is a common route of EPEC

A

TRUE

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23
Q

What is the most important pathogroup of E.coli in large animals?

A

ETEC

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24
Q

Post weaning diarrhea in piglets from ETEC can result in ____________

A

Death due to shock (LPS)

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25
Q

How to prevent ETEC in young livestock?

A

Keep infection pressure low and maternal immunity high

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26
Q

__________ is the main cause of diarrhea in young livestock within a few days of age

A

ETEC

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27
Q

Edema disease in pigs is associated with what toxin?

A

Stx2e exotoxin (Shiga toxin)

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28
Q

What receptors are expressed in ETEC infected piglets with post weaning diarrhea?

A
  1. F4
  2. F18
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29
Q

What receptors are expressed in ETEC infected piglets with neonatal diarrhea?

A
  1. F4
  2. F41
  3. F5
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30
Q

ETEC in bovines and ovines results in ___________

A
  1. Neonatal diarrhea
  2. Neonatal diarrhea + septicemia
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31
Q

Neonatal diarrhea in bovines infected with ETEC is caused by what toxins?

A

STa and EAST1

32
Q

Neonatal diarrhea in bovines infected with ETEC express what receptors?

A
  1. F5
  2. F41
33
Q

A farmer is having problems with young calves having diarrhea despite claiming they are vaccinated for E. coli. What might be the problem?

A

Vaccine is for targeting F4 and F18 receptors instead of F5

34
Q

Neonatal diarrhea AND septicemia in bovines infected with ETEC express what receptors?

A

F17+

35
Q

What makes calves susceptible to being infected with ETEC?

A
  1. Getting colostrum too late
  2. Not enough colostrum
  3. Early infection or high load of infection
36
Q

What antibody type could be administered to treat ETEC or EPEC in livestock?

A

Antibodies against lipid A
(Anti-lipid A)

37
Q

EPEC is most pathogenic in which of the following species?

A. Dogs
B. Calves
C. Rabbits
D. Piglets

A

C. Rabbits

(also called RPEC in rabbits)

38
Q

Piglets are more at risk for which of the following: ETEC or EPEC

A

ETEC

39
Q

_______ toxin is produced in the intestine but is absorbed and carried in the bloodstream, leading to damage of blood capillaries and increased fluid loss. This is caused by _______ strain of E.coli

A

Shiga, EHEC/STEC/VTEC

40
Q

What receptor is expressed in edema disease of pigs?

A

F18

41
Q

A piglet showing neurological signs with no diarrhea. What is your top differential?

A

EHEC/STEC/VTEC - Edema disease of pigs

42
Q

How do you treat EHEC?

A
  1. Fasting to eliminate toxin + increase peristalsis
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Treat the unaffected animals too!!
43
Q

How can EHEC be prevented in pigs?

A
  1. Reduce stress
  2. Vaccinate
  3. Feed composition
  4. Selection of F18r- animals (they don’t have this receptor so they can’t get infected)
44
Q

Some pigs on the farm have been infected with EHEC and are showing symptoms, but half of the pig population tested negative and are showing no clinical signs. How can this be?

A

Some pigs can be F18r-

They do not express the receptor needed to cause EHEC/edema disease in pigs

45
Q

What E.coli spp infects cattle and is of zoonotic importance?

A

EHEC/STEC/VTEC

46
Q

I ate a medium rare steak and now have bloody diarrhea. What E.coli spp am I most likely infected with?

A

EHEC/STEC/VTEC

47
Q

HUS is defined by the triad:

A
  1. Acute renal failure
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Hemolytic anemia
48
Q

Virulence factors associated with UPEC?

A
  1. P fimbriae (pap genes)
  2. Mannose- resistant adhesins
  3. Type 1 fimbria (mannose receptor)
  4. Hemolysin (HlyA)
  5. Aerobactin (siderophore)
49
Q

_______ is the most important pathogen in UTIs of warm blooded animals

A

UPEC

50
Q

UPEC is more common in which of the following species? Dogs or Cats

A

Dogs

51
Q

What E.coli spp affects mainly adult pigs?

A

UPEC

52
Q

Symptoms associated with UPEC?

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. Vaginal exudate
  3. Anorexia
53
Q

What do you do if a pig tests positive for UPEC?

A

Cull pig, fertility problems

54
Q

UPEC in dogs can result in:

A
  1. Cystitis
  2. Urethritis
  3. Pyelonephritis
  4. Prostatitis
  5. Pyometra
55
Q

What E.coli spp causes watery mouth disease?

A

SEPEC: Septicemic E.coli

in shoats

56
Q

Invasion of SEPEC in bovines is through __________

A

Intestinal epithelium or the umbilicus

57
Q

Which E.coli spp is excreted in nasal secretions and urine of bovines?

A

SEPEC: Septicemic E.coli

58
Q

Are neonate or suckling pigs more susceptible to SEPEC?

A

Neonates

59
Q

How does SEPEC avoid phagocytosis?

A
  1. Capsule is resistant to phagocytosis
  2. P fimbriae and O antigens
  3. Type 1 fimbriae promotes adhesion
60
Q

Virulence factors associated with NTEC?

A
  1. Cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNF1-3)
  2. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)
  3. F17, Afa, aerobactin
61
Q

MPEC in bovines causes __________

A

coliform mastitis

62
Q

Which species of E.coli has no known virulence factors?

A

MPEC

63
Q

What animal species can be infected with MPEC?

A

Bovines and pigs

64
Q

_________ is a major pathogen in the poultry industry

A

APEC: avian pathogenic E.coli

65
Q

Clinical manifestations associated with APEC? (6)

A
  1. Neonatal colibacillosis
  2. Respiratory colibacillosis
  3. Egg yolk peritonitis
  4. Scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis
  5. Swollen head syndrome
  6. Coligranuloma
66
Q

How are cows infected with MPEC?

A

fecal contamination of udders

67
Q

Post partum dysgalactiae syndrome occurs in _______ species of animals and is caused by _______ spp of E.coli

A

Pigs, MPEC

68
Q

CS associated with MPEC in pigs?

A
  1. Reluctant to nurse
  2. Constipation
  3. Thick vaginal discharge
  4. Increased resp rate
69
Q

What can be seen in poultry with neonatal colibacilosis?

A
  1. Enlarged liver and spleen
  2. Fluid in body cavities
  3. Drooping of head
  4. Speticemia - death
70
Q

What can be seen in poultry with respiratory colibacilosis?

A
  1. Thickened air sacs with caseous exudate on resp surface
  2. Edema
  3. Airsacculitis
  4. Perihepatitis and/or pericarditis
  5. Septicemia - death
  6. Fever
71
Q

What spp of E.coli and clinical manifestation can result in a cooked egg appearance on necropsy of poultry?

A

APEC, egg yolk peritonitis

72
Q

What can be seen in poultry with scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis?

A
  1. Loss of feathers
  2. Dead birds decompose quickly
  3. Discoloration/ thickened inflamed skin
73
Q

Swollen head syndrome is caused by what spp of E.coli?

A

APEC

74
Q

What can be seen in poultry with swollen head syndrome?

A
  1. Edema/swelling over the eyes
  2. Begins as acute rhinitis
75
Q

_________ is a clinical manifestation in older birds infected with APEC

A

Coligranuloma

76
Q

What can be seen in poultry with coligranuloma?

A
  • Granulomas in the liver, cecum, duodenum, mesentery, and serosal surfaces
  • lingering mortality

Sem 3: BacT (16 decks)

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