Mycoplasma spp - Muller Flashcards
Key facts about Mycoplasma?
- Smallest free living bacT
- NO CELL WALL - triple layer cellular membrane
- Spherical or filamentous
- Obligate pathogen - depends on host
- Difficult to culture
- Host specific
Shape of mycoplasma?
Pleomorphic!
Spherical or filamentous
** helps to avoid IR by changing shape
Example of a drug that would NOT work for mycoplasma and why?
Penicillin - targets cell wall
mycoplasma has no cell wall
Mycoplasma inhabits/ has an affinity for?
Mucous membranes - affinity to ciliated epithelium
** except hemotropic mycoplasma has affinity to SURFACE of RBC
How can you differentiate mycoplasma spp?
- Fried egg colonies
- Does not produce urease (ureaplasma spp. does)
- Umbonate colonies
- Turns blue on Diene stain
Pathogenesis of mycoplasma?
- Adheres to surface of RBC and produces H2O2 (toxic)
- Evades immune system by changing shape and mimicking host Ag appearance
- Induces inflammation by recruiting T and B cells
Samples to collect when testing for mycoplasma bovis?
Mastitic milk and fluids from joints, also resp tract samples
How is m. mycoides subsp. mycoides transmitted?
= Bovine Pleuropneumonia
AEROSOLS
Which mycoplasma spp are reportable?
- m. mycoides subsp. mycoides
- m. gallisepticum
- m. synoviae
What mycoplasma spp causes bovine pleuropneumonia?
m. mycoides subsp. mycoides
CS associated with bovine pleuropneumonia?
Coughing, fever, depression, drop in milk yield, FATAL rapid death
Post mortem appearance associated with bovine pleuropneumonia?
Marbled lungs
Who is most at risk for m. bovis?
Young calves - severe pneumonia
Post mortem appearance associated with m. bovis?
Scattered rice lung
CS associated with m. bovis?
Chronic resp dz, mastitis, arthritis
-purulent mastitic exudate w high WBC count
**young calves at risk
mycoplasma spp in pigs?
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
How is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transmitted?
Aerosols between pigs
due to overcrowding
CS associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
Coughing, poor growth, resp distress
Post mortem lesion associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
Pulmonary consolidation confined to cranial and middle lung lobes
How can Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae be confirmed?
PCR
How would you test a herd for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
ELISA
mycoplasma spp that infected chickens and turkeys?
- mycoplasma gallisepticum
- mycoplasma synoviae
**both reportable
CS associated with mycoplasma gallisepticum?
Turkeys: infectious sinusitis
Chickens: chronic resp dz
coughing, nasal discharge, sinusitis, reduced egg production
How is mycoplasma gallisepticum transmitted?
Infection of the embryo in the egg or by aerosols
How is mycoplasma synoviae transmitted?
Aerosols
CS associated with mycoplasma synoviae?
Respiratory signs, Arthritis, synovitis
** infects chickens and turkeys
How can you diagnose mycoplasma spp in poultry?
PCR confirmatory test
Agglutination test for herds
Key facts about hemotropic mycoplasmas?
- NO CELL WALL
- Rod shaped
- Gram neg but doesnt stain on gram
- Attaches to surface of RBC (not inside RBC)
Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect cats?
- m. haemofelis
- Candidatus m. haemomunutum
- Canididatus m. turicensis
Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect pigs?
m. suis
Hemotropic mycoplasma spp that can infect llamas?
Candidatus m. haemolamae
Transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas?
Probably by aggressive interactions
- Infected blood via blood transfusion
What cats are more at risk for hemotropic mycoplasmas?
- Cats w FIV/FeLV
- Immunosuppressed cats
- Outdoor cats
- Male cats
- Older cats
What dogs are more at risk for hemotropic mycoplasmas?
- Male dogs
- Kennel dogs
- Young dogs
- Immunosuppressed
- Stressed
- *****Splenectomy dogs - no spleen, cant eliminate bacT from blood!
_____________ causes hemolytic anemia in cats during acute inflammation
m. haemofelis
Most pathogenic spp of hemotropic mycoplasma in cats?
m. haemofelis
**alone can cause infection
Which hemotropic mycoplasma has a long term carrier state in cats?
C.M. haemominutum
** no CS but still has bacT in chronic phase
** reactivated infection is immunosuppressed
CS of acutely ill dogs and cats infected with hemotropic mycoplasma?
- Pale/anemic
- Splenomegaly
- Jaundice if severe acute hemolysis occurs
How is hemotropic mycoplasma diagnosed?
PCR !!
- blood smear but low sensitivity
** does not grow at all on culture
** serology unavailable
When giving a blood transfusion for hemotropic mycoplasma, what is important to know?
BacT infects surface of RBC so must test donors!
How is m. suis transmitted?
Lice or instruments contaminated with infected blood
How do outbreaks of m. suis occur?
Stress
Who is most at risk for m. suis?
Young piglets can get acute hemolytic disease and die
_________ is the most common hemoplasma infection of farm animals
m. suis
CS associated with C.M. haemolamae?
Death in stressed, debilitated, and immunosuppressed llamas
- acute infection in young
** chronically infected for life, hard to eliminate
