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Sem 3: BacT > Chlamydia and Coxiella - Muller > Flashcards

Chlamydia and Coxiella - Muller Flashcards

1
Q

Which characteristics are not shared between Chlamydia and Coxiella?

A. They stain on Modified ZN
B. They can cause abortion in ewes
C. They are bioterrorism agents
D. The unique lifecycle consisting of a resistant infectious form and a reproductive form

A

C - only Coxiella is a bioterrorism agent

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2
Q

Concerning avian chlamydiosis … which is true?

A. It is not zoonotic
B. Stress can precipitate increased shedding
C. Vaccines are available
D. It is not reportable

A

B

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3
Q

Which of the following does not reflect characteristics of Q fever?

A. Transmitted via aerosols
B. Raw milk can be a possible source of infection
C. Wind can spread the disease
D. Sheep and cattle are usually clinically infected

A

D

other than abortion they are clinically fine

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4
Q

For the diagnosis of Clinical Feline Chlamydia…

A. Blood is the best sample to collect
B. Conjunctival discharge is the best sample to collect
C. Feces is the best sample to collect
D. Urine is the best sample to collect

A

B

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5
Q

What is the resistant infectious form of chlamydia?

A

Elementary body

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6
Q

What is the non infectious form of chlamydia?

A

Reticulate body

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7
Q

True or False: Reticulate bodies from Chlamydia survive well in the environment

A

FALSE - fragile

Elementary bodies survive in enviro

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8
Q

What stain is used for Chlamydia?

A

Modified ZN and Giemsa

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9
Q

Shape of chlamydia?

A

Spherical

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10
Q

What is the reproductive form of chlamydia?

A

Reticulate body

replicated within the membrane bound cytoplasmic vacuoles of host cells

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11
Q

What chlamydia species are of zoonotic concern?

A
  1. C. psittaci (most zoonotic)
  2. C. felis
  3. C. abortus
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12
Q

Where does disease occur in Chlamydia?

A

Ocular, resp, GI, genitourinary mucosas

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13
Q

True or False: Chlamydia is host specific

A

TRUE

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14
Q

How is Chlamydia transmitted?

A

Direct contact, aerosols, ingestion

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15
Q

When using fluorescent Ab staining to detect Chlamydia, what are you looking for?

A

Elementary inclusion bodies

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16
Q

_______ is used for diagnosis and detection of carriers with Chlamydia

A

PCR

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17
Q

What bacteria causes avian chlamydiosis?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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18
Q

What birds are most at risk for c. psittaci

A

psittacine birds and pigeons

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19
Q

Reportable Chlamydia spp?

A

Chlamydia psittaci / Avian chlamydiosis

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20
Q

How is avian chlamydiosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation or ingestion

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21
Q

When can avian chlamydiosis outbreak occur?

A
  1. STRESS !!
  2. Captivity
  3. Transport
  4. Egg laying
  5. Overcrowding

** increased shedding of dz

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22
Q

How can avian chlamydiosis be shed for long periods of time?

A

Carrier birds

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23
Q

Where can c. psittaci be found in an infected bird?

A

Respiratory or ocular discharge and feces

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24
Q

CS associated with avian chlamydiosis?

A

Nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhea, loss of condition, resp distress

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25
Post mortem lesions associated with c. psittaci?
1. Hepatosplenomegaly 2. Airsacculitis 3. Peritonitis
26
What is important to know when using ELISA to diagnose avian chlamydiosis?
Must take paired samples to confirm active infection and not exposure
27
Best way to confirm c. psittaci?
PCR
28
How to prevent spread of c. psittaci?
quarantine new birds, minimize stress
29
CS associated with feline chlamydiosis?
Conjunctivitis, sometimes rhinitis - Clear nasal discharge, chemosis (edema), blepharospasm - Sneezing
30
How is chlamydia felis transmitted?
- Long term direct or indirect contact with conjunctival or nasal secretions - Shed from resp tract - Common in multi cat households
31
Who is most at risk for chlamydia felis?
Young cats! in a multi cat household or stressed situations
32
Incubation period for feline chlamydiosis?
5 days
33
A young cat is sneezing with mucopurulent discharge, what do you suspect?
Chlamydia felis secondary to staphylococcus infection
34
________ is useful to establish if chlamydia felis is endemic in a group of cats
Serology (ELISA, CF, IF)
35
A cat tests positive for chlamydia felis and lives in a house with 4 other cats that have no CS, how do you treat?
Must treat all in-contact cats, treat all 5
36
What Chlamydia spp causes abortion in shoats, pigs, and cattle?
Chlamydia abortus
37
How is chlamydia abortus introduced into clean flocks?
When infected replacement ewes abort
38
Where can chlamydia abortus be found in an infected animal?
Placenta and uterine discharges
39
How is chlamydia abortus transmitted?
Ingestion
40
Pathogenesis of chlamydia abortus?
Targets trophoblast layer giving rise to imflammation, vasculitis, and tissue necrosis Results in: 1. NECROTIC PLACENTITIS 2. Abortion in late pregnancy or premature lambs
41
Which bacteria cause necrotic placentitis?
Chlamydia abortus and ovine genital campylobacteriosis Can differentiate bc only c. abortus stains on modified ZN
42
CS associated with chlamydia abortus in ewes?
No CS usually other than abortion, fertility is unimpaired and they can get pregnant fine the next time around
43
What is a limitation of diagnosing chlamydia abortus using MZN staining of placenta smears?
Coxiella burnetti also stains on MZN and causes abortion in sheep Can differentiate bc only chlamydia abortus causes necrotizing placentitis
44
How to treat and control chlamydia abortus?
1. Isolating aborted ewes 2. Eliminate abortion material 3. Vaccinate **Antibiotics dont eliminate infection :(
45
__________ spp of bacteria causes sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis
Chlamydia pecorum
46
Who is most at risk for chlamydia pecorum?
Young cattle
47
________ has a mortality rate of 50%, resulting in fast death
Chlamydia pecorum / sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis
48
CS associated with chlamydia pecorum?
Fever, incoordination, excessive salivation, diarrhea Cows may become recumbent + die Vascular damage to brain and other organs
49
Where would you take a PCR sample from a cow infected with chlamydia pecorum in order to diagnose?
Brain tissue
50
_________ is a bioterrorism agent
Coxiella burnetii
51
Coxiella burnetii key facts:
- Gram neg - Zoonotic - Pleomorphic coccobacillus - Bioterrorism agent - Aerosol transmitted - Infects monocytes, macs, and trophoblasts - Some are vector borne
52
What is the infectious form of coxiella burnetii?
Small cell variant - spore like form
53
What is the reproductive form of coxiella burnetii?
Large cell variant
54
________ spp of bacteria has spore like infectious form called small cell variant
Coxiella burnetii
55
Disease name associated with coxiella burnetii?
Q (Query) fever
56
How is coxiella burnetii transmitted?
Aerosol, DUST, tick-borne
57
Reportable coxiella spp?
Coxiella burnetii/ Q fever also zoonotic!
58
How do vectors play a role in transmission of coxiella burnetii?
Ticks and tick dropping within sheep wool
59
Coxiella burnetii infects what animal spp?
Shoats and cattle
60
CS associated with coxiella burnetii?
Placentitis and abortion in shoats and cattle, cattle show less CS Mastitis seen in cattle
61
Shoats shed coxiella burnetii via _______
Birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, urine, feces
62
Cattle shed coxiella burnetii via _______
Birth products, milk, urine, feces
63
What sample can be collected that contains many organisms of coxiella burnetii?
Birth products
64
Main reservoirs for coxiella burnetii?
Sheep and goats
65
How do males shed coxiella burnetii?
Feces
66
Humans at risk for coxiella burnetii?
Farmers and vets, anyone near a farm
67
CS of acute Q-fever in humans?
Flu like symptoms Pneumonia and hepatitis sometimes
68
CS associated with chronic Q-fever in humans?
Endocarditis ** only really happens in immunocompromised
69
A neighbor down the street from a farm is diagnosed with Q-fever, how did she get infected?
Coxiella burnetii (small cell variant, spore like form) transmitted in dust, blew in the air
70
What stain is used to detect coxiella burnetii?
MZN but must differentiate from chlamydia abortus
71
What PCR samples should be taken from a sheep infected with coxiella burnetii?
Milk, feces, placenta Vaginal swab to detect subclincal/carriers
72
Coxiella burnetii is hard to culture, and requires _________
Yolk sac of embryonated eggs and a BSL3 lab
73
What test is used to detect coxiella burnetii in a herd or flock?
ELISA or IF
74
How to control and prevent coxiella burnetii?
Isolate parturient ruminants from herd Dispose of placentas and aborted fetuses Diagnose herd by serology or PCR of bulk milk tank Vaginal swab for carrier animals

Sem 3: BacT (16 decks)

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