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Sem 3: BacT > Chlamydia and Coxiella - Muller > Flashcards

Chlamydia and Coxiella - Muller Flashcards

1
Q

Which characteristics are not shared between Chlamydia and Coxiella?

A. They stain on Modified ZN
B. They can cause abortion in ewes
C. They are bioterrorism agents
D. The unique lifecycle consisting of a resistant infectious form and a reproductive form

A

C - only Coxiella is a bioterrorism agent

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2
Q

Concerning avian chlamydiosis … which is true?

A. It is not zoonotic
B. Stress can precipitate increased shedding
C. Vaccines are available
D. It is not reportable

A

B

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3
Q

Which of the following does not reflect characteristics of Q fever?

A. Transmitted via aerosols
B. Raw milk can be a possible source of infection
C. Wind can spread the disease
D. Sheep and cattle are usually clinically infected

A

D

other than abortion they are clinically fine

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4
Q

For the diagnosis of Clinical Feline Chlamydia…

A. Blood is the best sample to collect
B. Conjunctival discharge is the best sample to collect
C. Feces is the best sample to collect
D. Urine is the best sample to collect

A

B

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5
Q

What is the resistant infectious form of chlamydia?

A

Elementary body

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6
Q

What is the non infectious form of chlamydia?

A

Reticulate body

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7
Q

True or False: Reticulate bodies from Chlamydia survive well in the environment

A

FALSE - fragile

Elementary bodies survive in enviro

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8
Q

What stain is used for Chlamydia?

A

Modified ZN and Giemsa

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9
Q

Shape of chlamydia?

A

Spherical

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10
Q

What is the reproductive form of chlamydia?

A

Reticulate body

replicated within the membrane bound cytoplasmic vacuoles of host cells

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11
Q

What chlamydia species are of zoonotic concern?

A
  1. C. psittaci (most zoonotic)
  2. C. felis
  3. C. abortus
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12
Q

Where does disease occur in Chlamydia?

A

Ocular, resp, GI, genitourinary mucosas

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13
Q

True or False: Chlamydia is host specific

A

TRUE

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14
Q

How is Chlamydia transmitted?

A

Direct contact, aerosols, ingestion

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15
Q

When using fluorescent Ab staining to detect Chlamydia, what are you looking for?

A

Elementary inclusion bodies

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16
Q

_______ is used for diagnosis and detection of carriers with Chlamydia

A

PCR

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17
Q

What bacteria causes avian chlamydiosis?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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18
Q

What birds are most at risk for c. psittaci

A

psittacine birds and pigeons

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19
Q

Reportable Chlamydia spp?

A

Chlamydia psittaci / Avian chlamydiosis

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20
Q

How is avian chlamydiosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation or ingestion

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21
Q

When can avian chlamydiosis outbreak occur?

A
  1. STRESS !!
  2. Captivity
  3. Transport
  4. Egg laying
  5. Overcrowding

** increased shedding of dz

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22
Q

How can avian chlamydiosis be shed for long periods of time?

A

Carrier birds

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23
Q

Where can c. psittaci be found in an infected bird?

A

Respiratory or ocular discharge and feces

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24
Q

CS associated with avian chlamydiosis?

A

Nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhea, loss of condition, resp distress

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25
Q

Post mortem lesions associated with c. psittaci?

A
  1. Hepatosplenomegaly
  2. Airsacculitis
  3. Peritonitis
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26
Q

What is important to know when using ELISA to diagnose avian chlamydiosis?

A

Must take paired samples to confirm active infection and not exposure

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27
Q

Best way to confirm c. psittaci?

A

PCR

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28
Q

How to prevent spread of c. psittaci?

A

quarantine new birds, minimize stress

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29
Q

CS associated with feline chlamydiosis?

A

Conjunctivitis, sometimes rhinitis

  • Clear nasal discharge, chemosis (edema), blepharospasm
  • Sneezing
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30
Q

How is chlamydia felis transmitted?

A
  • Long term direct or indirect contact with conjunctival or nasal secretions
  • Shed from resp tract
  • Common in multi cat households
31
Q

Who is most at risk for chlamydia felis?

A

Young cats! in a multi cat household or stressed situations

32
Q

Incubation period for feline chlamydiosis?

A

5 days

33
Q

A young cat is sneezing with mucopurulent discharge, what do you suspect?

A

Chlamydia felis secondary to staphylococcus infection

34
Q

________ is useful to establish if chlamydia felis is endemic in a group of cats

A

Serology (ELISA, CF, IF)

35
Q

A cat tests positive for chlamydia felis and lives in a house with 4 other cats that have no CS, how do you treat?

A

Must treat all in-contact cats, treat all 5

36
Q

What Chlamydia spp causes abortion in shoats, pigs, and cattle?

A

Chlamydia abortus

37
Q

How is chlamydia abortus introduced into clean flocks?

A

When infected replacement ewes abort

38
Q

Where can chlamydia abortus be found in an infected animal?

A

Placenta and uterine discharges

39
Q

How is chlamydia abortus transmitted?

A

Ingestion

40
Q

Pathogenesis of chlamydia abortus?

A

Targets trophoblast layer giving rise to imflammation, vasculitis, and tissue necrosis

Results in:

  1. NECROTIC PLACENTITIS
  2. Abortion in late pregnancy or premature lambs
41
Q

Which bacteria cause necrotic placentitis?

A

Chlamydia abortus and ovine genital campylobacteriosis

Can differentiate bc only c. abortus stains on modified ZN

42
Q

CS associated with chlamydia abortus in ewes?

A

No CS usually other than abortion, fertility is unimpaired and they can get pregnant fine the next time around

43
Q

What is a limitation of diagnosing chlamydia abortus using MZN staining of placenta smears?

A

Coxiella burnetti also stains on MZN and causes abortion in sheep

Can differentiate bc only chlamydia abortus causes necrotizing placentitis

44
Q

How to treat and control chlamydia abortus?

A
  1. Isolating aborted ewes
  2. Eliminate abortion material
  3. Vaccinate

**Antibiotics dont eliminate infection :(

45
Q

__________ spp of bacteria causes sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis

A

Chlamydia pecorum

46
Q

Who is most at risk for chlamydia pecorum?

A

Young cattle

47
Q

________ has a mortality rate of 50%, resulting in fast death

A

Chlamydia pecorum / sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis

48
Q

CS associated with chlamydia pecorum?

A

Fever, incoordination, excessive salivation, diarrhea

Cows may become recumbent + die

Vascular damage to brain and other organs

49
Q

Where would you take a PCR sample from a cow infected with chlamydia pecorum in order to diagnose?

A

Brain tissue

50
Q

_________ is a bioterrorism agent

A

Coxiella burnetii

51
Q

Coxiella burnetii key facts:

A
  • Gram neg
  • Zoonotic
  • Pleomorphic coccobacillus
  • Bioterrorism agent
  • Aerosol transmitted
  • Infects monocytes, macs, and trophoblasts
  • Some are vector borne
52
Q

What is the infectious form of coxiella burnetii?

A

Small cell variant - spore like form

53
Q

What is the reproductive form of coxiella burnetii?

A

Large cell variant

54
Q

________ spp of bacteria has spore like infectious form called small cell variant

A

Coxiella burnetii

55
Q

Disease name associated with coxiella burnetii?

A

Q (Query) fever

56
Q

How is coxiella burnetii transmitted?

A

Aerosol, DUST, tick-borne

57
Q

Reportable coxiella spp?

A

Coxiella burnetii/ Q fever

also zoonotic!

58
Q

How do vectors play a role in transmission of coxiella burnetii?

A

Ticks and tick dropping within sheep wool

59
Q

Coxiella burnetii infects what animal spp?

A

Shoats and cattle

60
Q

CS associated with coxiella burnetii?

A

Placentitis and abortion in shoats and cattle, cattle show less CS

Mastitis seen in cattle

61
Q

Shoats shed coxiella burnetii via _______

A

Birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, urine, feces

62
Q

Cattle shed coxiella burnetii via _______

A

Birth products, milk, urine, feces

63
Q

What sample can be collected that contains many organisms of coxiella burnetii?

A

Birth products

64
Q

Main reservoirs for coxiella burnetii?

A

Sheep and goats

65
Q

How do males shed coxiella burnetii?

A

Feces

66
Q

Humans at risk for coxiella burnetii?

A

Farmers and vets, anyone near a farm

67
Q

CS of acute Q-fever in humans?

A

Flu like symptoms

Pneumonia and hepatitis sometimes

68
Q

CS associated with chronic Q-fever in humans?

A

Endocarditis

** only really happens in immunocompromised

69
Q

A neighbor down the street from a farm is diagnosed with Q-fever, how did she get infected?

A

Coxiella burnetii (small cell variant, spore like form) transmitted in dust, blew in the air

70
Q

What stain is used to detect coxiella burnetii?

A

MZN but must differentiate from chlamydia abortus

71
Q

What PCR samples should be taken from a sheep infected with coxiella burnetii?

A

Milk, feces, placenta

Vaginal swab to detect subclincal/carriers

72
Q

Coxiella burnetii is hard to culture, and requires _________

A

Yolk sac of embryonated eggs and a BSL3 lab

73
Q

What test is used to detect coxiella burnetii in a herd or flock?

A

ELISA or IF

74
Q

How to control and prevent coxiella burnetii?

A

Isolate parturient ruminants from herd

Dispose of placentas and aborted fetuses

Diagnose herd by serology or PCR of bulk milk tank

Vaginal swab for carrier animals

Sem 3: BacT (16 decks)

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